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TRANSFORMATIONS WITH MATRICES Section 44 Points on the coordinate plane can be represented by matrices. The ordered pair ( , ) can be represented by the x y column matrix at the right. Polygons on the coordinate plane can be represented by placing all of vertex matrix the column matrices into one matrix called a . with vertices ΔABC A(3, 2), B(4, 2 ), and can be represented by C(2, 1) the following vertex matrix. A C B transformations You can use matrices to perform . (translations, reflections, and rotations) preimage Remember that the original figure is called the image and the figure after the transformation is the . If the two figures are congruent then the isometry transformation is an . Example 1 Translation a. Find the coordinates of the vertices of the image of quadrilateral with , , , QUAD Q(2, 3) U(5, 2) A(4, 2) and , if it is moved 4 units to the left and 2 units up. D(1, 1) Write the vertex matrix for quadrilateral QUAD. Write the transformation matrix. Example 1 continued Vertex Matrix Translation Vertex Matrix Matrix of of QUAD Q'U'A'D' + = The coordinates of are: Q'U'A'D' , , Q'(2, 5) U'(1, 4) and . A'(0, 0) D'(3, 1) b. Graph the preimage and the image. Example 2 Rectangle is the result of a translation of rectangle A'B'C'D' ABCD. A table of the vertices of each rectangle is shown. Find the coordinates of . A and D' Rectangle Rectangle ABCD A'B'C'D' A A'(1, 1) B(1, 5) B'(4, 1) C(1, 2) C'(4, 6) D(4, 2) D' Dilations dilation When a figure is reduced or enlarged it is called a . All linear dimensions of the preimage change in the same ratio. Example: If the length of each side of a figure doubles, then the perimeter doubles, and vice versa. When a dilation occurs, the figures are not congruent, they are similar. Therefore, Dilations are not isometries. You can use scalar multiplication to perform dilations. Example 3 Dilation has vertices , , . Dilate ΔJKL J(2, 3) K(5, 4) and L(3, 2) ΔJKL so that its perimeter is onehalf the original perimeter. a. Find the vertices of ΔJ'K'L'. Multiply the vertex matrix for by the ΔJKL scale factor to find ½ the vertices of . ΔJ'K'L'
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