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pak j agri s ci lb 3 7 3 4 2000 water saving and crop yield potential of modern irrigation methods in the semi arid area waheed uz zaman m ...

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                    Pak. J. Agri. S.ci. lb/.3 7(3-4), 2000
                          WATER SAVING AND CROP YIELD POTENTIAL                                                         OF MODERN
                                     IRRIGATION               METHODS IN THE SEMI-ARID AREA
                                               Waheed-uz-Zaman, M. Arshad. M. Asghar Rana & M. Shafi Sabir
                                             Faculty of Agri. Engg. & Tech.. University of Agriculture. Faisalabad
                    The present study was carried out to determine the quantity of water applied and saved using different irrigation
                    methods. Four irrigation methods i.e. border. furrow. raingun sprinkler and trickle irrigation were compared based on
                    their application efficiency. magnitude of water saved and crop yield. It was found that water saved nnder furrow.
                    raingun sprinkler and trickle irrigation respectivelywas 14.26 and 34% compared with border irrigation method. Similarly.
                    the crop yield under raingun sprinkler and trickle irrigation methods was found to be 31 and 12% higher than that
                    with border irrigation method. This shows that the trickle irrigation method is a more suitable technique of water
        ..          application if employed in areas having scarce water resources and undulating topography.
                    Key words: crop yield potential. modern irrigation methods. water saving
                    INTRODUcnON
                     As the world becomes increasingly dependent on the ag-             system was 0.23 ha and 0.06 ha respectively. The area
                     ricultural production from irrigated lands. irrigated agricul-    .for border irrigation was diviced into two borders of 7,5
                    ture isfacing seriouschallenges that threaten itssustainability     x 70.0 m each. while for furrow irrigation each replication
                     (VanSchilfgaarde. 1990). It is prudent to make efficient use       consisted of 13 furrows measuring 76 and O.7S 111. The
                    of available water resources through minimizing its losses          cotton was sown with hand drill maintaining a row to
                    byadopting modern irrigation techniques and bringing more           row distance of 0.75 m and plant to plant distance of
                    areas under irrigation. The overall irrigation efficiency of        0.23 m. Each irrigation was applied at -",onl., soil moisture
                     the conventional irrigation method (widely adopted in              deficit (Michael. 1978).
                     Pakistan) is very low and there appears a great scope              RESULTS ANDDISCUSSION
                     for saving large quantities of water by using improved             The comparison of rour irrigation methods was made based
                     irrigation methods.                                                on the application efficiency. magnitude of water saving
                     Haq (1990) reported that water saving in case of sprinkler         and crop yield.
                     irrigation was 30%. The crop production per unit of water          Application Efficiency: The application efficiency varied
                     used was 41.33 kg/ha/cm for surface irrigation. Trout et           from 58 to 66% and 66 to 73% for border and furrow
                     al. (1994)  concluded that potato produced better quality          irrigation respectivelly as shown in Tabcl r. The increase
                     tubers under sprinkler irrigation than with furrow irrigation.     in application efficiency after the first irrigation may be
                     Yohannes and Tadesse (1998) reported that higher yields            attributed to progressively decreasing soil infiltration rate
                     and increased water use efficiency had been very often             and increasing evapotranspiration with respect to crop
        '.           attributed to drip irrigation than the conventional furrow         growth stages. Sufficient amount of water was lost by'
                     irrigation. The present study was carried out to determine         evaporation before it covered the entire root zone. The
                     quantity of water used and saved under modern irrigation           application efficiency of raingun sprinkler system varied
                     methods as compared to the conventional method. The                from 78 to 84% during the whole season (Table I). The
                     specific'objective of this study was to compare the water          decrease in application efficiency with crop growth stages
                     use efficiency and to determine the crop yield potential           under    the raingun sprinkler system \\as due to the
                     bycomparing the efficacyand effectiveness of three modern          interception losses. The interception losses increased due
                     irrigation techniques with conventional border method.             to increase in leaf area index and more water was needed
                     METIlOOOUXN                                                        to replenish soil moisture deficiency. which reduced the
                     The experiments were conducted at the Postgraduate Ag-             application efficiency. The application efficiency of trickle
                     ricultural Research Station (PARS) of the Universtiy. The          irrigation method varied from 87 to 93%. Waterwas applied
                     site was located at 32° latitude of southern hemisphere.           at relatively frequent intervals which was almost equivalent
                     The total area (0.80 ha) was divided into four portions            to water content at field capacity.
                     for border. furrow. raingun sprinkler and trickle irrigation
                     SYSt0llIS.The area for border and furrow method was 0.21
                     haeachwhilethat for raingun sprinkler and trickle irrigation
                                                                                                                                                  181
                                                                                                 Zaman, Arshad, Rana & Sabir
                    Table I.Comparative                    application            efficiency          of     four             Water       Use Efficiency:               The water use efficiency obtained
                                   irrigation          methods                                                                from four irrigation               methods is shown in Table -t. Water
                                                                                                                              use efficiency is a potential criterion for getting information
                     No. of                      Border         Furrow         Raingun           Trickle                      about crop yield under water stress. This parameter                                       helps
                     irngauons                                                 sprinkler                                      determine          the level of efficiency                  the applied           water      has
                                                                                                                              been used by the crop. In other words.                                  it  evaluates         the
                     1                            58            66             84                   87                        efficiency        of water utilization             by the crop in terms of final
                     2                            (j)           69             82                    89                       output.       depending          upon the total water applied and seed
                     3                            63            70             81                    90                        cotton      yield      obtained.
                     4                            65             71            79                    92
                     5                            66             73            78                    93                        Table 4. Water use efficiency                        of four irrigation             methods                      ..
                      Depth of Water Applied/Saved:                         The depth of water applied                         Irrigation                   Irrigation                   Yidd           Water use
                      to cotton crop under four irrigation                              methods         is   shown           . method                       applied (mm)                 (kg/ha)        efficiency       (%)                  -..0...
                      in Table 2. It indicated               that 67.30.         57.65.      49.90     and 44.41
                      cm depth of irrigation                   water      was applied            under border.                 Border                       673.
						
									
										
									
																
													
					
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...Pak j agri s ci lb water saving and crop yield potential of modern irrigation methods in the semi arid area waheed uz zaman m arshad asghar rana shafi sabir faculty engg tech university agriculture faisalabad present study was carried out to determine quantity applied saved using different four i e border furrow raingun sprinkler trickle were compared based on their application efficiency magnitude it found that nnder respectivelywas with method similarly under be higher than this shows is a more suitable technique if employed areas having scarce resources undulating topography key words introducnon as world becomes increasingly dependent ag system ha respectively ricultural production from irrigated lands agricul for diviced into two borders ture isfacing seriouschallenges threaten itssustainability x each while replication vanschilfgaarde prudent make efficient use consisted furrows measuring o available through minimizing its losses cotton sown hand drill maintaining row byadopting ...

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