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August 2019 Disruptive technology and innovation in transport Policy paper on sustainable infrastructure Executive summary A key objective of the European Bank for key challenge in the development of the identified Reconstruction and Development (EBRD), disruptive technologies and their applications will especially in the transport sector, is to support be their successful integration into new business the promotion of innovative new technology in the and governance models, maximising their combined economies where the Bank operates to improve benefits to support the end goal. competitiveness and provide demonstration effects. The purpose of this paper is to provide an The four applications of the disruptive technologies overview of the current state of the market and that Section 3 reviews in detail are as follows: opportunities for the implementation of a range of (disruptive) digital technologies capable of Traffic management using intelligent transport revolutionising the transport sector in the EBRD systems (ITS) – using new technologies to predict regions. These technologies include: future traffic demand more accurately and optimise road networks accordingly, providing a wide range the internet of things (IoT) – a system of objects, of social and economic benefits, including reduced processes, data and people connected with each congestion and pollution, improved safety and other via sensors, and controlled remotely using travel experiences for all road users. the internet Personal travel planning and public transport – big data – complex data characterised by high analysing available information on travel demand volume and requiring the use of advanced and travel patterns of the population, to facilitate analytics for processing the optimisation of planning, programming and operation of public transport systems, as well as artificial intelligence (AI) – computer science improving personal journey planning for the public. which enables machines to function like a human brain Autonomous and connected vehicles for mobility – developing applications for AVs which drones – unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) or can contribute to increased safety, a better user flying robots. experience, economic savings and reductions in congestion, by facilitating car sharing and The paper outlines a range of digital technologies “mobility as a service” (MaaS). and concepts (Section 2), introduces various technology application areas with supporting case Unmanned aerial vehicles/drones for studies and cost-benefit analysis (Section 3) and monitoring - using technology to revolutionise discusses a policy roadmap for their successful the way we undertake asset management, implementation (Section 4). maintenance and inspections (bridges, tunnels and construction sites) and providing an efficient The summary of the technologies presented in means to deliver packages (logistics). Section 2 demonstrates that IoT, big data and AI do not operate in isolation but instead represent These technology application areas were reviewed highly complementary technologies. Big data is in the context of their contribution to the following collected most effectively using IoT systems and policy objectives: (1) transport efficiency, (2) safety and drones and then processed most efficiently using security, (3) environment and climate change and AI algorithms and optimisation techniques. The (4) socio-economics. From the analysis of these policy main applications of these particular technologies objectives we concluded that the technology application in transportation focus around demand forecasting areas which have the most profound (disruption) and traffic optimisation resulting in better traffic potential impact were new smart mobility (AVs/MaaS management, asset management, travel planning and drones) and intelligent transport systems (ITS), each and operation of autonomous vehicles (AVs). The requiring and leveraging different digital technologies. Policy paper on sustainable infrastructure August 2019 1 The key challenge in the development of the Identifying requirements for facilitating necessary identified digital technologies and their applications enabling “public” infrastructure and forms of will be to integrate the business and governance economic regulation to enable widespread models for new mobility technologies, services and adoption. systems successfully. The following challenges are critical to this process: Developing cost-benefit analysis methodologies and the supporting evidence base to promote Harmonising existing and new policies related to adoption. the legal framework for use and operationalisation of such technologies. Launching analytical work and developing innovative operating models. Facilitating interoperability and data sharing. Developing integrated mobility systems. Promoting vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) and vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication. Sharing data and digital infrastructure. Ensuring data security and addressing risk- Supporting capacity-building, education and sharing/liability concerns. awareness-raising. 2 August 2019 Disruptive technology and innovation in transport
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