135x Filetype PPTX File size 2.18 MB Source: www.burningplasma.org
Smart Materials • Materials with coupled properties in two (or more) physical domains that are used to sense or control behavior • Physical domains? • Mechanical • Electrical - Thermal - Ferroelectrics • Magnetic - Piezoelectrics - Shape Memory Alloys (SMA) - Electrorheologic - Thermal expansion • Magnetic • Multiferroic - Ferromagnetic SMA - coupled ferroelectric and - Magnetostrictives magnetostrictive domains - Magnetorheologic • Ionic gradient (”Nastic”) • Optiical • Pneumatic Artificial Muscle Example of Physical Domains Output Input Current Magneti- Strain Temper- Light (charge) zation ature Electric Conductiv field ity Magnetic Permeabil field ity Stress Elastic Modulus Heat Specific heat Light Refractive index + Transduction to a different domain Output Input Current Magneti- Strain Temper- Light (charge) zation ature Electric Electro- field optic Magnetic Magneto- field optic Stress Photo- elastic Heat Thermo Lumin- ecence Light Photo- Photo- Photo- Photo- voltaic magneti- striction thermal zation effect State of art smart materials Output Input Current Magneti- Strain Temper- Light (charge) zation ature Electric Inverse field Piezo-electric Magnetic Magneto- field Joule effect optic Stress Piezo- Thermo- electric Villari effect mechanica effect l effect Heat Thermal expansion &/or Phase transition Light Photo magnetizaton Example: Linearized model of Magnetostriction • “A change in dimensions exhibited by ferromagnetic materials when subjected to a magnetic field.” (Random House Dictionary) • Documented by James Joule in 1842 • Linear 1-D magnetostriction model: /EH dH T y * + Bd HPT
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