202x Filetype PPTX File size 1.42 MB Source: www.berkeleycitycollege.edu
Chemical Bonding and Molecular Geometry • Covalent Bonds • Electronegativity • Polarity of Covalent Bonds • Lewis Structures and the Octet Rule • Exceptions to the Octet Rule • Resonance Lewis Structures • Bond Energies • Calculating Enthalpy using Bond Energy • Molecular Shape - The VSEPR Model Review of Atomic Properties • Effective nuclear charge & Atomic Size: 1. Effective nuclear charge increases left-to-right across periods, and decreases top-to-bottom down a group; 2. Atomic size decreases left-to-right across periods, and increases top-to-bottom down a group: 3. Ionization energy incresses left-to-right across a period, and decreases top-to-bottom down a group. Review on Atomic Properties • Atomic Size, Ionization Energy, and Electron Affinity: 1. L-to-R: atomic size decreases; ionization energy increases; electron affinity increases; 2. Top-to-bottom: atomic size increases; ionization energy decreases; electron affinity decreases; Ionic Compound • The atoms in sodium chloride (common table salt) are arranged to (a) maximize opposite charges interacting. The smaller spheres represent sodium ions, the larger ones represent chloride ions. In the expanded view (b), the geometry can be seen more clearly. Note that each ion is “bonded” to all of the surrounding ions—six in this case. Ionic bonds • Attractions between cations and anions; • Bonds formed between metals and nonmetals
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