Data vs Information
  • Data: Collection of letters, numbers or facts
  • Information: Processed data that provides 
   value
       What is Database ?
  • A database is a repository of data, designed to 
   support efficient data storage, retrieval and 
   maintenance 
  • A database may be specialized to store binary 
   files, documents, images, videos, relational data, 
   multidimensional data, transactional data, analytic 
   data, or geographic data to name a few 
  • Data : stored in various forms, namely tabular, 
   hierarchical and graphical forms 
    What is a database management 
            system ?
  • Database Management System (DBMS), 
    • Software system that manages databases
    • the terms “Database”, “DBMS”, “data server”, 
    “database server” often used interchangeably to refer 
    to a DBMS
  • Why do we need database software or a DBMS? 
    • Security
    • Can handle many users with good performance
    • Allows for concurrency while keeping data consistent
    • Protects from disaster
      The evolution of database 
       management systems 
  • In the 1960s, network and hierarchical systems such as 
   CODASYL and IMSTM
  • A revolutionary paper by E.F. Codd, an IBM San Jose 
   Research Laboratory employee in 1970 The paper 
   titled “A relational model of data for large shared data 
   banks” 
  • The Structured Query Language (SQL) invented by IBM 
   in the early 1970's has been constantly improved 
   through the years 
  • Today many businesses need to exchange information, 
   and the eXtensible Markup Language (XML) is the 
   underlying technology that is used for this purpose 
    The evolution of database 
   management systems , Cont’d…