jagomart
digital resources
picture1_Research Methodology Pdf 52188 | Ed090962


 159x       Filetype PDF       File size 0.81 MB       Source: files.eric.ed.gov


File: Research Methodology Pdf 52188 | Ed090962
document resume ed 090 962 64 ir 000 573 author lord harold g title ex post facto studies as a research method special report no 7320 institution syracuse city school ...

icon picture PDF Filetype PDF | Posted on 20 Aug 2022 | 3 years ago
Partial capture of text on file.
                                 DOCUMENT RESUME
      ED 090 962                     64                     IR 000 573
      AUTHOR          Lord, Harold G.
      TITLE           Ex Post Facto Studies as a Research Method. Special
                      Report No. 7320.
      INSTITUTION     Syracuse City School District, N.Y.
      SPONS AGENCY    Bureau of Education for the Handicapped (DREW /OE),
                      Washington, D.C. Media Services and Captioned Films
                      Branch.
      PUB DATE        Jul 73
      CONTRACT        OEC-9-423617-4357(616)
      NOTE             16p.; Supporting document for the Computer-Based
                      Project for the Evaluation of Media for the
                      Handicapped; For related documents see IR 000 572,
                       574, and 575
      EDRS PRICE      MF-$0.75 HC-$1.50 PLUS POSTAGE
      DESCRIPTORS     *Comparative Analysis; Comparative Statistics;
                      Control Groups; *Correlation; Research; *Research
                      Design; *Research Methodology; Statistical
                       Analysis
      IDENTIFIERS      BEH; Bureau of Education for the Handicapped;
                      Computer Based Project Evaluation Media Handicapp;
                      Quasi Experimental Design
      ABSTRACT
                       This paper presents the causal comparative method, or
      ex post facto research design, as an alternative to classical
      experimental methods for establishing causal relationships between
      events and circumstances. h literature survey, conducted in an effort
      to define and describe the method is discussed. Following this is a
      presentation of the relationship between the correlation method and
      the causal comparative method. Both the strengths and weaknesses of
      the ex post facto research designs are detailed. (WDR)
                                                                                                                           SPECIAL REPORT #7320
                                                                                                                           Harold G. Lord
                                                                                                                           July 1973
                                                                                                                                                                                            EXPOST FACTO STUDIES AS A RESEARCH METHOD
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             Harold G. Lord
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              ABSTRACT
                                                                                                                                                          Employing the experimental method in research is
                                                                                                                                sometimes impractical or prohibitively costly in time,
                                                                                                                                money, and effort; in other instances, it is unethical
                                                                                                                                or immoral.                                                                        The causal comparative method or ex post
                                                                                                                                facto research design, outlined in this paper, is an
                                                                                                                                alternative method for establishing causal relation-.
                                                                                                                                ships between events and circumstances.                                                                                                                                                                                                                           The literature
                                                                                                                               was surveyed in an effort to define and describe the
                                                                                                                               method.                                                    The relationship between the correlation
                                                                                                                               method and the causal comparative method is also dis-
                                                                                                                                cussed.                                                   Both the strengths and the weaknesses of
                                                                                                                                ex post facto research designs are detailed.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              DrP4R YENT OF 1.4E-4,.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            E0UCATION6 lat..FARf
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            NATIONAL                                                            OF
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 EDUCAtiON                                                         c,,q
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        DPC,,V,F1t                                "K.;            pEEN
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              ExAe riNe It;                                             F
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     cINV                                                                ,r    _          - E
                                    REPORT          No. 7320
                  SPECIAL
         COMPUTER-BASED PROJECT for the EVALUATION
                      of MEDIA for the HANDICAPPED
                  e: "EXPOST FACTO STUDIES AS A RESEARCH METHOD"
          Tit I _
           BY:Harold G. Lord
          BACKGROUND
               The Computer Based Project for the Evaluation of Media for the Handicapped,
          based on contract #0EC-9-423617-4357 (616) between the Syracuse (N.Y.) City School
          District and the Media Services and Captioned Films Branch, Bureau of Education
          for the Handicapped (United States Office of Education) for the five year period
          July 1, 1969 through June 30, 1974.  The major goal is to improve the instruction
          of handicapped children through the development and use of an evaluation system
          to measure the instructional effectiveness of films and other materials with
          educable mentally handicapped (EMH) children, in-service training and media support
          for special teachers, and studies related to the evaluation process anti the
          populations used.
               The Project has concentrated on the 600 films and 200 filmstrips from the
          Media Services and Captioned Films (BEH - USOE) depository; however, specific
          packages from Project LIFE, various elementary math curricula, and selected
          programs from Children's TV Workshop have also been evaluated.   The evaluation
          model used requires that  1) objectives of materials be specified and written;
          2) instruments be constructed to test and measure effectiveness; and; 3) children
          be the major sources of evaluation information.  A number of instruments and
          methodologies are employed in the gathering of cognitive and affective data from
          000 EMH children and 80 special teachers to make the effectiveness decisions.
          Over half of the EMH population can neither read or write; therefore, a unique
          Student Response System (SRS) is employed, consisting of a twenty station G.E. -
          1000 SRS which can be operated in a group or individual recording mode and is
          connected to a remote computer system.  The computer capabilities consist of
          remote telephone connections to the Rome (N.Y.) Air Development Command, the
          Honeywell time-shared network, and the Schenectady (N.Y.) G E Research and
          Development Center; and batch mode capabilities of the Syracuse City Schools,
          Syracuse University, and various commercial sources.
               In-service and media support activities provide on-the-job training for
          teachers, teacher aides, equipment, and materials to the special teachers in
          the city schools.  The research activities have centered around investigations
          and special problems related to the development of   the evaluation model.  The
          four major areas considered are:  1) testing effects, 2) captioning effects,
          3) special student characteristics; and, 4) evaluation procedures validation.
               Documentation of the major activities appear in the five annual reports
          and the 600 evaluations prepared on materials used.   Staff members were encouraged
          to prepare special reports and the attached paper is one of these.   The opinions
          expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect the position or policy
          of the Computer Based Project, the United States Office of Education, or the
          Syracuse City School District, and no official endorsement by any of the agencies
          should be inferred.
              Occesional Paper ;,/7320
              Harold G. Lord
              July 1973
                     Experimental, cducational research has 'been derived
              from the laboratory method often used in the natural sciences.
             According to Galfo and Miller (1970) in its most elementary
              form, the experimental method of science .is based upon two
             assumptions regarding variables which may be identified with
              the phenomenon under investigation:
                     1. If two situations are equal in every respect
                        except for a factor present in one of the sit-
                        uations, any difference which appears between
                        the two situations can be attributed to the
                         factor.  This statement is referred to as the
                         law of the single variable.
                     2. If two situations are not equal but it can be
                        demonstrated that none of the variables are
                        significant in producing the phenomenon under
                         investigation; or if significant variables are
                         made equal, any difference occurring between
                         the two situations after the introduction of
                        a new variable to one of the systems can be
                        attributed to the new variable.    This statement
                         is referred to as the law of the only signifi-
                         cant variable [p. 17].
              The purpose of establishing experimental-control conditions
              is to create a situation in which the effect of a single
              variable can be studied,
                     In the behavioral sciences many problems cannot be
              solved by the experimental method.    Because of the complex-
              ity and nature of social phenomena, one cannot always select
The words contained in this file might help you see if this file matches what you are looking for:

...Document resume ed ir author lord harold g title ex post facto studies as a research method special report no institution syracuse city school district n y spons agency bureau of education for the handicapped drew oe washington d c media services and captioned films branch pub date jul contract oec note p supporting computer based project evaluation related documents see edrs price mf hc plus postage descriptors comparative analysis statistics control groups correlation design methodology statistical identifiers beh handicapp quasi experimental abstract this paper presents causal or an alternative to classical methods establishing relationships between events circumstances h literature survey conducted in effort define describe is discussed following presentation relationship both strengths weaknesses designs are detailed wdr july expost employing sometimes impractical prohibitively costly time money other instances it unethical immoral outlined relation ships was surveyed also dis cus...

no reviews yet
Please Login to review.