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Periodic Table Notes History Dimitri Mendeleev (1860s) Each energy level can hold a specific # of electrons Noticed patterns when elements were arranged in Level 1 (closest to nucleus) = 2 e- max - order of increasing ___________________________________ Level 2 = 8 e max - Noticed blank spaces left on his table and concluded Level 3 = 8 e max they were spaces for ________________________________ Valence Electrons located in the ______________________________ Modern (early 1900s to present) Electrons VERY important because they determine an element’s Periodic Table Arranged in order of increasing ___________________________ ________________________________________ (# of protons) They have the ___________________________________ and Groups/ Up & down are involved when elements form _____________________ Families Columns Valence Group # # VEs Reactivity Elements in a group/family have ______________________ Electrons and 1 because they have the same number of Periodic Table 2 Patterns _______________________________ 13 ------------------------------------------- Periods Side to side 14 ------------------------------------------- Rows 15 ------------------------------------------- Atoms in the same period have the same number of 16 ------------------------------------------- _______________________________ Symbols/ Symbols always have ONE capital letter 17 Names Original names of some elements from Latin, Greek or 18 other origin – remains in symbol Electron Dot Show PEROPERTIES Valence electrons (VE) = _____ Diagrams the # of Hydrogen Reactivity = __________________ VEs of Stands Apart Colorless, odorless gas at room temp; low density an Group 1: Valence Electrons (VE) = _____ element ALKALI METALS Reactivity = __________________ Octet Rule The rule of 8 Soft, silver colored, shiny, low density Atoms are stable when they have a Groups: 2 – 16 Reactivity = decreases then slowly increases from left to _______________________ __________________________ right (they “want” a complete octet) Group 17: Valence Electrons (VE) = _____ They will _______________________________________ in Halogens Reactivity = __________________ order to reach 8 valence electrons Poor conductors, react violently with alkali metals to A full outermost energy level of electrons = form salts, never found uncombined in nature ________________ Group 18: Valence Electrons (VE) = _____ Noble gases already have a full octet! STABLE! NOBLE! Noble Gases EXCEPTION: _____has _____VEs Atoms on the LEFT of the Periodic Table tend to Reactivity = __________________ ____________ their VEs to get to a full outer energy level Colorless, odorless gases at room temp Atoms on the RIGHT side tend to ____________ VEs to get Atomic a full octet Structures Bohr Model
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