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EIT Chemistry Review Chemistry is really… S2012 Dr. Mack Chem is try Chem is try Download available at: To do chemistry, you must: Practice www.csus.edu/indiv/m/mackj/ Practice Practice Practice Or look for Jeffrey Mack under CSUS faculty web pages Part 1 Practice Practice 1 3 Where do we begin… The Periodic Table The Periodic Table The Modern Periodic Table The Modern Periodic Table The modern organization of the periodic table came about as a result of the work of Dimitri Mendeleyev Characteristics: Ordered elements by atomic mass Repeating pattern of properties Elements with similar properties in the same column Periodic Law –when the elements are arranged in order of increasing atomic mass, certain sets of properties recur periodically. Patterns used to predict properties of undiscovered elements 4 6 1 The Periodic Table: Metalsand Nonmetals The Periodic Table: Metaloids m s m ls e l e a t a c t t c a t o “ a o “ l e l e s n s l n l o e o d e m d m m i m i u d n u d n c s c i s o i o t t o N o N r r s Metals s Metals ” ” 7 8 The modern periodic table is defined by: Groups (families) th (columns down) Tin is in group 4A (14) in the 5 period. Periods (rows across) 9 10 2 Today’s Periodic table inert or “noble” gasses: Group 1A elements are also know as the “Alkali Metals” as “Alkali Metals” they form basic salts Metals form Cations non‐metals form anions Metalloids can do both Cations anions Metalloids 11 12 Today’s Periodic table Today’s Periodic table Group 2B –8B elements are also know as the “Transition Metals”. They may be Group 2A elements are also “Transition Metals” know as the “Alkaline earth found in the earth as pure metals or as “Alkaline earth ores (salts). Metals”as they are only found Metals” in the ground as metal salts (carbonates) 13 14 3 Today’s Periodic table Today’s Periodic table Group 7A elements are also Group 8A elements are also know as the “Halogens”. They know as the “Noble gasses”. “Halogens”. They “Noble gasses”. form acids with hydrogen and They are inert to reaction for form acids with hydrogen and They are inert to reaction for exist as diatomic molecules. (F , the most part. He is found exist as diatomic molecules. (F , the most part. He is found 2 2 Cl …) underground! Cl …) underground! 2 2 15 16 Why do scientists use chemical symbols like C, Al and The Representation of Matter: C Al Feto represent atoms? Fe In chemistry we use chemical formulas and symbols to represent matter. Why? Because atoms Why? Because atoms are really small! are really small! We are “macroscopic”: large in size on the order of 100’s of cm ‐2 10 m Atoms and molecules are “microscopic”: ‐12 on the order of 10 cm 8 ‐10 10 Angstroms 1Angstrom = 10 m 17 18 4
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