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                               ISSN 2355-4721                                       The Effect of Leadership Style on Motivation to Improve the Employee Performance 
                                                The Effect of Leadership Style on Motivation  
                                                       to Improve the Employee Performance 
                                              Hanifah                          Novi Indah Susanthi                              Agus Setiawan 
                                         STMT Trisakti                              STMT Trisakti                              STMT Trisakti
                                      stmt@indosat.net.id                        stmt@indosat.net.id                        stmt@indosat.net.id
                                                                                     ABSTRACT
                               Human resources (HR) is one of the most important factor in an organization, especial-
                               ly for PT. PELNI, a prominent goverment-owned marine transportation company.This 
                               study aims to determine the factors which can improve the performance of employees at 
                               PT.PELNI. Upon getting feed back from 78 employees, it is obvious that the company has 
                               apparently been successful in motivating its employees to demonstrate good performance. 
                               Success indication can be seen from the regression coefficient X2 (Work Motivation) of 
                               0.428. While the regression coefficient X (Leadership Style) of 0.357. This indicates that 
                                                                                          1 
                               the motivation influences employee performance greater than leadership. Accordingly, 
                               PT. Pelni can be taken as an example of a good company in motivating its employees.
                               Keywords: Human Resource, Leadership Style, Motivation, Employee Performance.
                               Jurnal Manajemen Transportasi & Logistik (JMTransLog) - Vol. 01 No. 03, November 2014                                       221
                     Hanifah, Novi Indah Susanthi, Reni Dian Octaviani                                                             ISSN 2355-4721
                      
                     Introduction                                                     sessment. In other words, the performance 
                              In an organization, leaders and em-                     assessment is determined by the results of 
                     ployees must work together different tasks  the human resources (HR) activities with 
                     in order to achieve expected results. Ev-                        performance standards previously set out 
                     ery leader, must have their own leadership  by the organization. 
                     style. Mulyadi and Rival (2009) mention-                                  There are some variables that can 
                     that leaders in theirleadership era needs to  affect the performance of the employees, 
                     think  as well as to demonstrate leadership  which according to Wirawan (2009) and 
                     styles. By having a certain leadership style,                    Suranta (2002), are leadership style and 
                     then, an employer will be able to affect the  work motivation. Employee performance 
                     performance of employees in an organiza-                         is highly integrated with the role of the 
                     tion. In other words, leadership style plays  leader while the motivation is needed by 
                     an important role in running the organiza-                       the employee to work. Not only do lead-
                     tion.                                                            ership style and work motivation  concern 
                              Furthermore, in addition to leader-                     private organizations but also become a 
                     ship style, an important element of value in  great concern of the state owned transpor-
                     an organization is work motivation. Hando-                       tation company known such as PT PELNI 
                     ko (2003) stated that work motivation is an  (PT Indonesian National Shipping) which 
                     individual’s personal circumstances that  serves to provide marine transportation ser-
                     encourage the willingness of the individu-                       vices which includes transport of passen-
                     als to perform certain activities in order to  gers and cargo freight among the islands in 
                     achieve a goal. Similarly according to Umar                      the country. 
                     (1999); motivation is a factor that can lead                              The method used in this study is a 
                     to job satisfaction and improve employee  survey method, while technical analysis of 
                     performance. In organization life, employ-                       the data use a combination of descriptive 
                     ees need to get a boost as a form of work  statistical techniques.
                     motivation to improve their performance.                                  Meanwhile, the data used are primary 
                     Thus, work motivation has to get serious  data concerning the social profile and iden-
                     attention from the leader of an organization 
                     or the management, especially for leaders  tification  of  respondents,  and  secondary 
                     whose daily work is directly in contact with                     data is a source of research data obtained 
                     subordinates in the workplace. Thus, moti-                       indirectly by researchers. 
                     vation is an important variable that needs to 
                     receive serious concern from the organiza-
                     tions in improving employee performance.                         Results and Discussion 
                              As mentioned previously, employee 
                     is one of the main elements that has a cru-                               Based on respondent profiles of the 
                     cial role in determining the progress of the  100 distributed  questionnaires 73 were re-
                     organization. Employee performance is  turned, hence, the number of employees of 
                     important to note because it can affect the  PT. PELNI can be said to be balanced be-
                     achievement of organizational goals and  tween men and women. The number of male 
                     the level of survival in the ever increas-                       employees who filled out a questionnaire is 
                     ingly intense global competition. In other  36 and the number of female employees 
                     words, employees are important human re-                         is 35. Meanwhile, age range and length of 
                     sources to achieve the organizational goals  service results are varied, 30 employees of 
                     and employee performance in an organiza-                         PT. PELNI (46.6%) aged 41-50 years with 
                     tion needs to get a really measurable as-                        11-20 years old work, and, 17 employees 
                                                                                      aged 21-30, as well as 8 employees aged > 
                     222                                        Jurnal Manajemen Transportasi & Logistik (JMTransLog) - Vol. 01 No. 03, November 2014 
                          ISSN 2355-4721                              The Effect of Leadership Style on Motivation to Improve the Employee Performance 
                          50 years. Furthermore, in the longest length           performance. 
                          of service, only 3 employees who have 
                          worked for> 30 years and 1 employees who  Hypothesis 2
                          have worked between 5 to 10 years. This 
                          indicates, that PT. PELNI is able to moti-             H: ρ = 0  there is no relationship 
                          vate and maintain the employees presence                 0   y2 
                          to keep working.                                       between work motivation and performance 
                                                                                 of employees;
                                                                                 H: ρ >0  there is a positive relationship 
                                                                                   o   y2
                                Table 1  Profile of Respondents                  between work motivation and performance 
                          No.              Description     N     Percentage      of employees.
                          1     Gender         Male        36        49.3
                                              Female       35        47.9        Hypothesis 3
                                               Total       73       100.0
                          2     Age            21-30       17        23.3        H: ρ = 0  there is no relationship 
                                               31-40       14        19.2          0   y3 
                                               41-50       34        46.6        between leadership style and work 
                                               >50         8         11.0        motivation and performance of employees;
                                               Total       73       100.0        H: ρ >0  there is a relationship 
                          3     Education   Senior High    18        25.0          o   y3 
                                level                                            between leadership style and work 
                                                D3         4         5.6         motivation and performance of employees.
                                                S1         42        58.3
                                                S2         8         11.1               The multiple linear regression calcu-
                                               Total       72       100.0        lation between Leadership Style (X ), and 
                          4     Length of    <5 years      17        23.3                                                  1
                                service                                          work motivation (X ) on Employee Perfor-
                                            5-10 years     1         1.4                                 2
                                            11-20 years    30        41.1        mance (Y) shows the following results: 
                                            21-30 years    22        30.1
                                             >30 years     3         4.1
                                               Total       73       100.0                      Table 2  Cofficient
                                                                                    Vari-       Coeffi-         t           sig
                                 Furthermore, based on the educa-                   ables        cient
                          tion level, the majority of employees of  Constant                     3.456        7.71        0.000
                          PT. PELNI are university graduates in un-                  X1          0.357       3.400        0.001
                          dergraduate levelwith as many as 42 em-                    X2          0.428       6.502        0.000
                          ployees, only 11.1% are in graduate level.  Source: primary data
                          Then, a high school graduate employees 
                          amounted to 17 people and D3 4 people. 
                          This shows, education of employees at PT.                     The results of the multiple linear 
                          PELNI very varied.                                     regression equation above indicates that 
                                 The hypothesis presented in this                constant value of 3.456 means that if it is 
                          study are as follows:                                  not  influenced  by  the  variables;  Leader-
                                                                                 ship Style (X ) and work motivation (X ), 
                                                                                                 1                                2
                          Hypothesis 1                                           then, Employee Performance (Y) will not 
                                                                                 change (constant). In addition, b  (regres-
                                                                                                                         1
                          H: ρ = 0  there is no relationship sion coefficient X ) of 0.357 means that 
                            0   y1                                                                     1
                                                                                 if the Leadership Style (X ) is further im-
                          between leadership style with the                                                      1
                          performance of the employee;                           proved while the other variables are fixed 
                          H: ρ >0   there is a positive relationship  (constant), then, Employee Performance 
                            o   y1                                               (Y) will increase. Lastly, b  (X  regression 
                          between leadership style to employee                                                   2    2
                          Jurnal Manajemen Transportasi & Logistik (JMTransLog) - Vol. 01 No. 03, November 2014                 223
                  Hanifah, Novi Indah Susanthi, Reni Dian Octaviani                                         ISSN 2355-4721
                   
                  coefficient)  of  0.428  has  a  meaning  that       with t value of 6.502 which is greater than 
                  if  the  work  motivation  (X ) on employ-           the table = 2.000 with a significance value 
                                                   2
                  ees increased, whereas the other variables  of 0.000 <0.05. So it can be said, there is a 
                  are fixed (constant), then, Employee Per-            significant influence between work motiva-
                  formance (Y) will increase. Based on the  tion on employee performance.
                  regression equation, the most dominant                      Next, simultaneous test is used to test 
                  factor in influencing work motivation em-            the hypotheses about the effect of leader-
                  ployee performance is proven by the value  ship style and work motivation against em-
                  of the greatest regression coefficient; that is      ployee performance at the same time. 
                  equal to 0.428 which results in regression                         Table 4   ANOVA
                  equation Y = 3.456 + + 0,428X2 0,357X1.
                                                                          Model     Sum of   Df    Mean       F     Sig.
                         The magnitude of the variable per-                         Squares        Square
                  centage of Employee Performance ex-                   Regression   5.978    2    2.989   28.498  0.000
                  plained by the independent variable (co-              Residual     5.978   57    0.105
                  efficient of determination) is indicated by           Total       11.956   59      -
                  the value of Adjusted R2 which equals to  Source: primary data
                  0.500 using as independent variables in this 
                  study which is more than one. This means 
                  that the employee performance able to be                    Based on the results of the calcula-
                  explained by the leadership style and work  tions the calculated F values   obtained for 
                  motivation with a value of 50%, while 50% 
                  are explained by other variables not exam-           28,498  with  the  results  of  significance 
                  ined in this study.                                  of 0.000, while the degree of freedom in 
                                                                       item 57 in table 2 and table F obtained a 
                         A t-test is completed to test the vari-       value of 3.16 so that the calculated F value 
                  ables’ relationship with results as seen in  of 28.498> F value table = 3.16 (signifi-
                  Table 3.                                             cant).  This  may  imply  that  the  influence 
                           Table 3  Model Summary                      of the leadership style and work motiva-
                                                                       tion together havesignificant influence on 
                   Mod-       R        R2      Adj.      Std e         employee performance. So the third hy-
                     el                        R2                      pothesis stating no influence of leadership 
                      1      .707  0.500 0.482 0.32385                 style and work motivation simultaneously 
                            (con-                                      is rejected.
                            stant)
                  Source: primary data                                 Conclusions and Recommendations
                                                                              Based on the leadership style and mo-
                                                                       tivational work practiced by PT Pelni, then, 
                         Partial test results (t test) are listed in   it seems obvious that there is a significant 
                  the table can be explained that the effect of  relationship between leadership style on 
                  leadership Styles on employee performance  employees has improved the performance 
                  is shown with t value of 3.400 and the table  and motivation of all employees within the 
                  = 2.000 with a significance value of 0.001  company, therefore, the attempts that have 
                  <0.05. So it can be said there is significant  been made and the situation makes is worth 
                  relationship between leadership style on  maintaining. 
                  employee performance is partially accept-                   In line with that, to support the data 
                  ed. Furthermore, the effect of work moti-            for the top management in making policies 
                  vation on employee performance is shown 
                  224                                Jurnal Manajemen Transportasi & Logistik (JMTransLog) - Vol. 01 No. 03, November 2014 
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...Issn the effect of leadership style on motivation to improve employee performance hanifah novi indah susanthi agus setiawan stmt trisakti indosat net id abstract human resources hr is one most important factor in an organization especial ly for pt pelni a prominent goverment owned marine transportation company this study aims determine factors which can employees at upon getting feed back from it obvious that has apparently been successful motivating its demonstrate good success indication be seen regression coefficient x work while indicates influences greater than accordingly taken as example keywords resource jurnal manajemen transportasi logistik jmtranslog vol no november reni dian octaviani introduction sessment other words leaders and em assessment determined by results ployees must together different tasks activities with order achieve expected ev standards previously set out ery leader have their own mulyadi rival mention there are some variables theirleadership era needs affe...

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