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LECTURENOTESON
LEADERSHIP&MOTIVATION
†
RamunPrasad*
(Lecture No. -21)
Recapitulate
Learning Outcomes
After this session students will be able to:
• Definethe term “Leadership”.
• Definethe term “Motivation”
• Differentiate the Managership and Leadership
• Describe the types of training. Gaya
• List the theories of Motivation.
• Describes the theories of motivation.
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• Explain the Maslow’s theory of Motivation.
1 Leadership P
1.1 Introduction
Leadership is the ability to get desirable action, voluntarily and without force, from the
followers. Success of a leader depends upon his qualities and characteristics. These charac-
teristics are natural in some cases but there are many cases where these have been developed
by constant effort.
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Leadership is the process of influencing the subordinates so that they cooperate enthusiasti-
cally in the achievement of group goals.
*Lecturer, Department of Humanity (Economics), Government Polytechnic, Gaya, Bihar
†E-mail: gpgcoe@gmail.com, MyHomepage: https://ecoramun.wordpress.com/
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HumanResourceManagement(HRM) RamunPrasad
1.1.1 Definition
Leadership can be defined as the art of motivating a group of people towards achieving a
commongoal.
ORLeadershipistheability to convince others to achieve defined goals enthusiastically.
According to Keith Davis, “Leadership is the ability to persuade others to seek defined ob-
jectives enthusiastically. It is the human factor which binds a group together and motivates
it towards goals.”
According to Rauch & Behling, “Leadership is defined as the process of influencing the
activities of an organized group toward goal achievement”
1.2 Characteristics of leadership
1. Leadership is a process of influencing the group members.
2. Leadership is related to a situation.
3. Leadership is the function of motivating the people to strive willingly to attain orga-
nizational objectives.
4. Leadership helps in attaining the common objectives.
5. Employees must be satisfied with the types of leadership provided.
1.3 ManagershipV/SLeadership Gaya
.
P
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1.4 Importance of Leadership
Leadership is an important function of management which helps to maximize efficiency and
to achieve organizational goals. Importance of leadership can be justified with the help of
following points:
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HumanResourceManagement(HRM) RamunPrasad
1. Initiates action- Leader is a person who starts the work by communicating the poli-
cies and plans to the subordinates from where the work actually starts.
2. Motivation- A leader proves to be playing an incentive role in the concern’s working.
He motivates the employees with economic and non-economic rewards and thereby
gets the work from the subordinates.
3. Providing guidance- A leader has to not only supervise but also play a guiding role
for the subordinates. Guidance here means instructing the subordinates the way they
have to perform their work effectively and efficiently.
4. Creatingconfidence-Confidenceisanimportantfactorwhichcanbeachievedthrough
expressing the work efforts to the subordinates, explaining them clearly their role and
giving them guidelines to achieve the goals effectively. It is also important to hear the
employees with regards to their complaints and problems.
5. Buildingmorale-Moraledenoteswillingco-operationoftheemployeestowardstheir
work and getting them into confidence and winning their trust. A leader can be a
morale booster by achieving full co-operation so that they perform with best of their
abilities as they work to achieve goals.
6. Builds work environment- Management is getting things done from people. An effi-
cient work environment helps in sound and stable growth. Therefore, human relations
should be kept into mind by a leader. He should have personal contacts with employ-
ees and should listen to their problems and solve them. He should treat employees on
humanitarian terms. Gaya
7. Co-ordination- Co-ordination can be achieved through reconciling personal interests
with organizational goals. This synchronization can be achieved through proper and
effective co-ordination which should be primary motive of a leader.
1.5 Types of Leadership Style:.
1. Authoritarian or Autocratic Leaders: This type of leader drives their gang through
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commandandbydevelopingfaithintheirfollowers. Suchleadersorders,assignduties
and responsibilities without consulting the employees or caring for their opinion.
2. Democratic or consultative leaders: These leaders always work according to the
wishes of their followers.
3. Persuasive Leaders: Such leaders influence their followers due to his personal con-
tact, to join with him in getting things done. He gives directions personally and whole
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of the gang responds to his call, because they love and respect him and full confidence
in him
4. Functionalleaders: Suchleadersleadbecauseoftheirexpertknowledgeandwinthe
confidence of their followers by their superior knowledge.
5. Laissez faire leaders: Laissez Faire Leaders does not lead, but leaves the group en-
tirely to itself. Such leaders use very little power and give a high degree of indepen-
dence in their working. These leaders are dependent on subordinates to set their own
goals.
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HumanResourceManagement(HRM) RamunPrasad
2 Motivation
2.1 Introduction
Todaymanagementpaysmoreattentiontowardsmotivationofemployees. Themaintaskof
management is to direct the working force in such a way so that by their collective efforts
objectives of the enterprise are achieved.
Motivation is derived from the word ‘motive’. A motive is an inner state that energizes,
activates or moves and directs or channels behaviour towards goals. It is an important factor
which encourages persons to give their best performance and helps in achieving enterprise
goals. A strong positive motivation will boost the output of employees but a negative moti-
vation will reduce their performance.
2.2 Definition
Motivation is psychological act which attracts the workers to do more work and instigates.
If the workers are instigated, they will try to do more than the standard work and earn more
for themselves which increases their living standards.
According to Chael J. Jucious, “Motivation is the act of stimulating someone or oneself to
get a desired course of action, to push the right button to get the desired action”.
According to Dalton E. McFarlan, “The Concept of motivation is mainly psychological. It
relates to those forces operating within the individual employee or subordinate which impel
himtoact or not active in a certain ways”.
AccordingtoWilliamG.Scout,“Motivationmeansaprocessofstimulatingpeopletoaction
to accomplish desired goals” Gaya
2.3 Maslow’sTheoryofMotivation:-
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AbrahamMaslowisawell-knownpsychologist. His, Theory of Motivation is based on hu-
man needs. This theory is popular as “Need Hierarchy Theory.” This is one of the earliest
and most popular models/theories of motivation. Maslow considered several needs to ex-
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plain human behaviour and proposed that these needs have a hierarchy, i.e. some needs are
lower-order needs as compared to other higher-order needs.
He also proposed that unless the need at the lower level is satisfied, the higher-order need
will not be operative. Once the lower order need is satisfied, it will no longer motivate
the person. Maslow has proposed five main hierarchical levels of needs, as shown in the
following figure (see on page-05).
1. Physiological needs: These are important needs for sustaining human life. Food, wa-
ter, warmth, shelter, sleep, medicine and education are the basic physiological needs
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whichfall in the primary list of need satisfaction. Maslow was of an opinion that until
these needs are satisfied to a degree to maintain life, no other motivating factors can
work.
2. Security or Safety needs: These are the needs to be free from the physical dangers
such as the fear of losing a job, property, food or shelter. It also includes protection
against any emotional harm.
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