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Forest Pdf 159387 | 12042020171215forest Management S Forestry Iind Year

icon picture PDF Filetype PDF | Posted on 20 Jan 2023 | 2 years ago
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                                                  FOREST MANAGEMENT
                                                                         CHAPTER 1
                                                                     INTRODUCTION
                        DEFINITION AND SCOPE:
                                  Forest Management is defined in the Glossary of Technical Terms as the practical
                        application of the scientific, technical and economic principles of forestry (BCFT). The
                        term is variously defined by different authors, embodying, in essence, the same essential
                        ingredients. Some of these are reproduced below:
                        (i)       “Forest  Management is  that  branch  of  forestry  whose  function  is  the
                                  organization of a forest property of management and maintenance, by ordering in
                                  time and places the various operations necessary for the conservation, protection
                                  and improvement of the forest on the one hand, and the controlled harvesting of
                                  the forest on the other.”
                        (ii)      “Forest Management is the application of business methods and technical
                                  forestry principles to the operation of a forest property” (SAF)
                                  The  above  definitions  highlight  the  varied  nature  of  the subject  which  is
                        concerned with the task of “building up, putting in order and keeping in order a forest
                        business”. Forest management, by implication, is not a basic subject in itself; it is the
                        practical  application  of  science,  technology  and  economics to  a  forest  estate  for  the
                        achievement of certain objectives – mainly production of wood – timber and industrial
                        raw material, and other forest products such as resin, gum, tan bark, etc. It is based on the
                        knowledge  of  a  number  of  basic  subjects  /  sciences,  such  as  Siliviculture,  Ecology,
                        Geology, Pedology, Botony, Mensuration, Pathology, Economics, and Finance etc. In
                        addition, a forester needs the practical experience gained from observations in the field,
                        results of past treatments given to a forest and deductions there from.
                                  Management of forests broadly involves three main tasks viz,
                        (i)       Control of composition and structure of the growing stock,
                        (ii)      Harvesting and marketing of forest produce, and
                        (iii)     Administration of forest property and personnel.
           It  is  , unlike  any  other  commercial  enterprise,  complication;  as  forests,
         particularly the State-owned as most of the forests are in India (95.8%), are managed for
        a multiplicity of purpose – productive, protective, climatic, wildlife, recreational and bil-
        aesthetic, with one use dominant, viz., most often the production of wood. Though the
        forest land can be managed simultaneously for several uses, however, in some cases, uses
        are incompatible with one another; e.g., grazing is not compatible with timber production,
        environmental conservation and recreational use. In each case, priorities are laid down by
        the owner - the State or the private owner as the case may be, and the management is
        oriented  to  achieve  the  prescribed  objectives.  In  the  forests  dedicated  primarily  to
        recreational and bio-aesthetic use, and conservation of ecology and environment, grazing,
        fellings, timber extraction and even hunting may have to the suspended.
           Productive  and  protective  functions  of  the  forests  cannot  be  bifurcated.  As  a
        matter  of  fact,  scientifically  managed  forests  perform  both  these,  simultaneously;
        productive forests do protect and protective forests do produce – the distinction between
        the two is of degree rather of kind - a matter of emphasis of the primary function of the
        forest that the management aims at. It is, therefore, essential that forest resources are
        maintained in a state of maximum production, consistent with their subsidiary or even the
        other  main  functions.  Forests  have  to  be  managed  in  such a  way  so  as  to  provide
        maximum benefits to maximum people and for all time, ensuring that the soil produces
        most and deteriorates least under their treatment.
        Scope of Forest Management:
           Management of Forests, as that of any other enterprise, involves a process of
        making and implementing policy decisions to achieve the objectives of the owner. These
        decisions involve, in turn, a plan of action. Planning is the responsibility of the States and
        the Centre in case of State-owned forests, broad principles for which are embodied in the
        National and the State Forest Policies. Detailed plans are prepared by Forest Managers at
        the professional level, and executed by the technician level staff. Forest Manager has to
        constantly manage the growing stock to achieve given objects of management; in this
        process he has to decide: ƒhow much, when where and how to cut.„
           Scope  of  Forest  Management  is  very  extensive;  it  encompasses  broadly,  the
        following main activities:
                            A.          Control of Growing Stock, its Structure and Composition:
                                        i.         Site adaptation
                                        ii.         Choice of species
                                        iii.       Manipulation of stands
                                        iv.        Harvesting the produce
                                        v.         Regeneration
                                        vi.        Protection.
                            B.          Distribution and Marketing of produce:
                                        i.         Transportation and communication.
                                        ii.        logging Plan
                                        iii.       Marketing data
                                        iv.        Sale of produce
                                        v.         Revenue
                            C.          Administration of Forest Property:
                                        i.         Forest organization
                                        ii.        Management of Personnel
                                        iii.       Monitoring and control or works
                                        iv.        Labour management and welfare
                                        v.         Financial control and economy efficiency
                                        vi.        Fulfillment of social obligations
                                        vii.       Record for present and future reference.
                            MANAGEMENT OF PRIVATE FORESTS VIS–A–VIS PUBLIC FORESTS:
                                        A private owner of a small forest estate seldom looks beyond the immediate gains
                            from sales of trees, as and when required to meet his financial obligations, or when the
                            market  rates are  high.  He  is  not  much  concerned  with  sustained  production  for  the
                            posterity or for the indirect benefits which the forest bestows. However, there are some
                            exceptions;  some  of  the  princely  States  protected  and  conserved  their  forest  estates
                            zealously, though mainly for wild life and shikar. Now with the abolition of Zamindari
                            and merger of the princely States, most of the Indian forests (95.8%) are under the State
                            ownership which have to be managed not only for production of tangible or the material
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...Forest management chapter introduction definition and scope is defined in the glossary of technical terms as practical application scientific economic principles forestry bcft term variously by different authors embodying essence same essential ingredients some these are reproduced below i that branch whose function organization a property maintenance ordering time places various operations necessary for conservation protection improvement on one hand controlled harvesting other ii business methods to operation saf above definitions highlight varied nature subject which concerned with task building up putting order keeping implication not basic itself it science technology economics estate achievement certain objectives mainly production wood timber industrial raw material products such resin gum tan bark etc based knowledge number subjects sciences siliviculture ecology geology pedology botony mensuration pathology finance addition forester needs experience gained from observations fi...

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