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i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The Drug Administration and Control Authority is grateful to individuals and organizations for their valuable comments and suggestions contributed to the final preparation of the formulary. The following is a list of resourceful Professionals involved in the evaluation of the draft formulary: Dr.Tilahun Teka, Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Addis Ababa University Dr. Ephrame Engidawork, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Addis Ababa University. Dr. Ameha G/Medihen, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Addis Ababa University Dr. Zufan Lakew, Department of Gynacology and Obstetricis, Faculty of Medicine, Addis Ababa University. Prof. Eyasu Mekonnen, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine , Addis Ababa University. Dr. Dagnachew Shebeshe, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicin , Addis Ababa University Mr. Eyob Debebe, Department of Pharmacology, Medical faculity, Addis Ababa University. Dr. Negussu Mekonnen, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Addis Ababa University. Dr. Kebrebeal Melaku, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Addis Ababa University Mr. Tenaw Andualem Dr. Abebe Melaku, Department of paediatrics , Black Lion Hospital Dr. Zenebe Melaku, Department of paediatrics , Black Lion Hospital Mr. Teshome Nedi, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Addis Ababa University. Drugs Formulary for Health Centers ii Dr. Minilik Desta ,Medical Director ,Amanuel Hospital, Addis Ababa Dr. Ayalew Tegegne, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Addis Ababa University. Editors Mr. Abraham G/giyorgis; Pharmacist; Head, Planning, Drug Information establishment and Distribution Department, DACA. Mr. Wondie Alemu; Pharmacist; Head, Drug Information establishment and Distribution Division, DACA. Mr.Mengistu Tadesse; Pharmacist; Expert, Drug Information establishment and Distribution Division, DACA. Drugs Formulary for Health Centers iii Contents ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS------------------------------------------ i INTRODUCTION------------------------------------------------------ vi GENERAL ADVICE TO PRESCRIBERS----------------------- viii 1.1.Antacids-----------------------------------------------------------------1 1.2.Antispasmodics/spasmolytic Analgesics------------------------------3 1.3.Antiemetics -------------------------------------------------------------6 1.4.Cathartics and Laxative--------------------------------------------- 11 1.5.Agents used in Diarrhea--------------------------------------------- 15 1.6.Antiflatulants--------------------------------------------------------- 16 1.7.Antihaemorrhoidal Agents ------------------------------------------ 16 2.CARDIOVASCULAR DRUGS----------------------------------- 18 2.1.Antihypertensives---------------------------------------------------- 18 2.2.Diuretics -------------------------------------------------------------- 20 2.3.Drugs used in vascular shock --------------------------------------- 23 3.RESPIRATORY DRUGS------------------------------------------ 25 3.1.Antitussives/Expectorants------------------------------------------- 25 3.2.Bronchodilators /Antiasthmatics------------------------------------ 27 4.CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DRUGS-------------------- 33 4.1.Analgesics / Antipyretics--------------------------------------------- 33 4.2.Sedative, Hypnotics and Tranquillizers---------------------------- 37 4.3.Anticonvulsants ------------------------------------------------------ 43 5. DRUGS USED IN ANESTHESIA----------------------------- 46 5.1.General Anesthetics-------------------------------------------------- 46 5.2.Neuromuscular Blockers--------------------------------------------- 48 5.3.Anesthetic Adjuncts and Adjuvants -------------------------------- 51 5.4.Local Anesthetics----------------------------------------------------- 55 6.DRUGS USED IN MUSCULOSKELETAL AND JOINT DISEASE 58 6.1.Antirheumatics------------------------------------------------------- 58 6.2.Drugs used for gout -------------------------------------------------- 62 6.3.Skeletal Muscle Relaxants------------------------------------------- 63 6.4. Cholinergic and Anticholinesterase Agents ----------------------- 64 7.ANTI-INFECTIVE-------------------------------------------------- 65 7.1.Antibacterials--------------------------------------------------------- 65 7.1.1.Penicillins-------------------------------------------------------- 65 7.1.2.Other Antibacterials -------------------------------------------- 71 7.1.3.Antituberculars-------------------------------------------------- 81 Drugs Formulary for Health Centers iv 7.1.4.Antileprotics----------------------------------------------------- 88 7.2.Antifungals ----------------------------------------------------------- 91 7.3. Antiviral-------------------------------------------------------------- 92 7.4.Antiprotozoals -------------------------------------------------------- 93 7.4.1.Antimalarials---------------------------------------------------- 93 7.4.2.Amoebicides and Antigiardial Agents------------------------101 7.5.Anthelmintics-------------------------------------------------------102 7.5.1.Filaricides-------------------------------------------------------102 7.5.2.Schistosomicides -----------------------------------------------103 7.5.3.Other Anthelmintics -------------------------------------------104 8.DRUGS USED IN ENDOCRINE DISORDERS AND CONTRACEPTIVES.--------------------------------------------------109 8.1.Insulin and oral antidiabetic agents. ------------------------------109 8.2.Contraceptives-------------------------------------------------------112 8.2.1.Combined Oral Contraceptives -------------------------------116 8.2.2.Progestogen - only contraceptives-----------------------------117 8.2.3.Contraceptive Devices, Barriers, and Spermicides----------119 9.OBSTETRIC AND GYNAECOLOGICAL MEDICATIONS 123 10. BLOOD PRODUCTS AND DRUGS AFFECTING THE BLOOD -------------------------------------------------------------------------------130 10.1.Hemostatic Agents.------------------------------------------------130 10.2.Antianemic Agents-------------------------------------------------130 10.3.Blood substitutes and Plasma Expanders -----------------------133 11. DRUGS FOR CORRECTING WATER, ELECTROLYTE AND ACID - BASE DISTURBANCES---------------------------------------------135 11.1.Oral -----------------------------------------------------------------135 11.2 Parenteral ----------------------------------------------------------136 11.3.Enteral Nutrition --------------------------------------------------140 12.VITAMINS-----------------------------------------------------------141 12.1.Vitamins, single----------------------------------------------------142 12.2.Vitamins, Combinations-------------------------------------------150 12.3.Vitamin B complex preparations ---------------------------------150 12.4.Multivitamin preparations----------------------------------------150 12.5.Multivitamin with minerals and/or extracts --------------------150 13.ANTIHISTAMINES AND ANTIALLERGICS-------------151 13.1. Antihistamines ----------------------------------------------------151 13.2.Drugs used in Allergic Emergencies -----------------------------153 14. OPHTHALMIC AGENTS---------------------------------------156 Drugs Formulary for Health Centers
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