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Nutrition, Feeds and feeding for pig
production in Vietnam: Current status
and future research – A review
Dr. La Van Kinh, Dr. Tran Quoc Viet, Dr. Vuong Nam Trung, Dr. Dinh Van Cai, MSc. Nguyen Thanh Van
National Institute of Animal Sciences for Viet Nam (NIAS)
Hiep Thang, Binh Thang, Di an, Binh duong
Tel/fax: +84.650.359.6868
Website: www.iasvn.vn
Email: kinh.lavan@iasvn.vn
www.livestockfish.cgiar.org
April 2014
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Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), which works on forages; and the International Center for Research in
the Dry Areas (ICARDA), which works on small ruminants. http://livestockfish.cgiar.org
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Contents
Page
1. Chemical composition 1
2. Study on digestibility for pigs 6
3. Nutrient requirements for pigs 7
3.1. Suckling piglets 7
3.2. Weaned piglets 7
3.3. Growing pigs 8
3.4. Pregnant sows 9
3.5. Lactating sows 9
3.6 Other related studies 10
3.7. Nutrient requirements for pigs: summary 10
4. Better use of local and available feedstuffs 12
5. Feed and feeding methods 22
6. Future research in nutrition, feed and feeding for pigs 26
7. References 28
8. Tables 42
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
This review paper was done by the Natinonal Institute for Animal Science (NIAS) and the Institute for
Animal Science for Southern Vietnam (IASSV). The paper has been reviewed the previous research results
on the chemical composition and nutritive value, and digestibilities of nutrients and amino acids of Vietnam
feedstuffs; Nutrient requirements for sucking piglets, weaned piglets, growing pigs, and pregnant and
lactating sows; The use of unconventional feed resources; Feeding methods for pigs; and suggestion on the
future research on nutrietion, feed and feeding for pigs in Viet Nam. The paper consists of fine main parts:
(1) chemical compostion and nutritive value of feedstuffs; (2) Study on digestibility; (3) Nutrient requirements,
(4) The use of local and available feedstuffs; and (5) Future research in nutrition, feed and feding for pigs;
and 143 tables.
Chemical composition and nutritive value of feedstuffs
For the last 20 years, approximately 1,000 feeds colleted throughout the whole country have been
chemically analysed. This work has been undertaken by the National Institute for Animal Husbandy (NIAH) in
Hanoi and the Institute of Animal Sciences for Southern (formerly, Institute of Agricultural Sience in
Sourthern Vietnam - IAS), and some laboratories in Agricultural Universities. At the beginning stage, a
proximate composition, Ca and P were analysed. The first publication on chemical composition and nutritive
value of animal feeds was completed in 1962 and updated in 1983, followed by a major update and revision
in 1992 and again in 2001 by NIAH supported by SINAO (Soviet Union) and others such as INRA (France),
Quensland University, Ajinomoto Company, and the Vietnam Government.
The IAS had calculated the correlation equation estimated value of the amino acids, based on the crude
protein content of the main raw material such as fish meal, corn, rice broken, rice bran, and cassava bran.
This helps farmers formulate balanced amino acid pig diets without analysing the amino acids in the raw
material.
During 2002-2012, the IAS analyzed approximately 16,500 feed samples from seven agro-ecological zones
in the country for DM, CP, CF, ADF, NDF, EE, total ash, NaCl, Ca, P, trace mineral (Cu, Fe, Mn, Co, Hg, Cd,
Pb), sugar, starch, DE, ME. In which, about 1,600s samples were analyzed for amino acids prior to
formulating the correlation equations for the amino acid composition estimates. In total, 450 samples were
analyzed for trace minerals, vitamins, toxins, and antinutrients.
The second book on the composition of amino acids and energy values of livestock feeds in Vietnam,
including proximate and amino acid compositions was published in 2003 with the effort of IAS. In the
publication, more than 1,000 feedstuffs from different agro-ecological zones were clearly defined, sensorily
described, and chemically and nutrionally characterised. This analysis is summarized as:
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