Mental Math
                      Fact Learning
                   Mental Computation
                       Estimation
                         Grade 4 
                     Teacher’s Guide
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                            2007
                    Table of Contents
       Mental Math in the Elementary Mathematics Curriculum  .............1
       Definitions and Connections  ...................................6
       Rationale  ..................................................7
       Teaching Mental Computation Strategies  .........................7
       Introducing Thinking Strategies to Students  .......................8
       Practice and Reinforcement  ..................................10
       Response Time  ............................................11
       Struggling Students and Differentiated Instruction  .................12
       Combined Grade Classrooms  .................................13
       Assessment ...............................................14
       Timed Tests of Basic Facts  ...................................14
       Parents and Guardians: Partners in Developing Mental Math Skills  ....15
       Fact Learning  ..............................................17
          Reviewing Addition Facts and Fact-Learning Strategies  ........19
          Reviewing Subtraction Facts and Fact-Learning Strategies  .....21
          Multiplication Fact-Learning Strategies  .....................22
          Multiplication Facts With Products to 81  ....................27
       Mental Computation.........................................29
          Front-end Addition  .....................................31
          Break Up and Bridge  ...................................33
          Finding Compatibles  ....................................34
          Compensation  ........................................36
          Make 10s, 100s or 1000s  ................................37
       Mental Computation – Subtraction  .............................39
          Using Subtraction Facts for 10s, 100s and 1000s  .............39
          Back Down Through 10/100  ..............................41
          Up Through 10/100  ....................................42
          Compensation  ........................................43
          Break Up and Bridge  ...................................44
       Mental Computation – Multiplication  ............................45
          Multiplication by 10 and 100  ..............................45
       Estimation – Addition and Subtraction  ...........................49
          Rounding  ............................................50
          Adjusted Front-end  .....................................53
          Near Compatibles  ......................................54
       Appendixes  ...............................................55
          Thinking Strategies in Mental Math  ........................57
          Scope and Sequence  ...................................61