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picture1_Cbt Session Structure Pdf 110754 | Using Ct Effectively Flexibly Ppa October 2017


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File: Cbt Session Structure Pdf 110754 | Using Ct Effectively Flexibly Ppa October 2017
10 27 2017 workshop overview hour 1 5 core cbt elements conceptualization maintaining reasonable structure focus by dr claudia j haferkamp case conceptualization graduate and clinical psychology coordinator hour 1 ...

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                                                                                                                                                      10/27/2017
                                                                                                        Workshop Overview
                                                                                                Hour 1.5: Core CBT elements + 
                                                                                                  conceptualization:
                                                                                                   Maintaining reasonable structure + focus
                                                By Dr. Claudia J. Haferkamp,                       Case conceptualization
                               Graduate and Clinical Psychology Coordinator,                    Hour #1.5‐3: Facilitating motivation + 
                                                       Millersville University                    treatment integration + flexibility
                                                                                                   CBT + Motivational Interviewing 
                                                                                                   Exposure treatment: improving outcomes
                                                                                                   Other issues? (time permitting)
                                CBT Core Elements                                               “Typical” CBT session structure 
                       Collaborative empiricism (Beck, 2011)                                   Check in + mood check (+ objective data?)
                       Problem‐focused                                                         Collaboratively set initial session agenda
                       Reasonably structured sessions                                          Review action plan (homework)
                                                                                                Re‐prioritize final session agenda
                       Psycho‐educational and…                                                 Discuss problems + make interventions
                       Focused on relapse prevention                                           Final session summary
                       Action plans (homework) are essential                                   Review/develop next action plan (homework)
                                                                                                Elicit CL feedback
                                                                                                  Cbtscience/training/resources:
                       Loss of session structure + focus                                          Session assignment + feedback 
                       Not adequately socializing CL to CBT                                    Sample items: How well did:
                       Not discussing specificsituations OR                                       You feel heard + understood in today’s 
                         unfocused discussions:                                                     session? 
                         Not focused on KEY thoughts, feelings, etc.                              Today’s session help address your 
                         Unclear purpose of discussion OR no                                       problems?
                           interventions made                                                      How confusing was today’s session?
                         TH’s thoughts about interrupting
                       Not eliciting or responding to CL feedback                                 How confident are you that you are 
                                                                                                    progressing towards your therapy goals?
                                                                                                                                                                     1
                                                                                                                                                                 10/27/2017
                                                                                                        Why form working hypotheses? 
                               CBT Conceptualization                                                                   (Persons, 2015)
                         Can’t treat what you can’t conceptualize                                     One causal mechanism may underlie 
                         Conceptualizations help us:                                                    multiple problems
                           Organize CL info                                                           ESTs may target a singledisorder ONLY
                           Develop working hypotheses                                                    There are no ESTs for many disorders
                           Develop treatment plans + rationales for                                   Helps us address therapy‐interfering 
                             interventions                                                               thoughts + behaviors
                           Build the working alliance
                           Persons: Case Formulation                                                   Case formulation example (adapted)
                                                                                                                     (Ledley et al., 2010)
                         Inclusive problem list                                                        Mike’s parents held him to exacting standards and sent 
                         Origins                                                                        him to schools known for academic rigor (ORIGINS). 
                         Precipitants (large events trigger current episode)                            As a result, Mike started seeing others as critical and 
                                                                                                         feared being rejected for making mistakes (CAUSAL 
                         Antecedents (activating situations): triggers                                  MECHANISMS). These thoughts occurred after 
                           symptoms                                                                      deciding to enter the priesthood (PRECIPITANT). 
                         Behaviors                                                                      Afterwards he had ATs such as, “I make more mistakes 
                         Consequences (functional)                                                      than others” and “people will notice my 
                                                                                                         anxiety…they’ll think I’m incompetent” resulting in 
                         Causal mechanisms (mostly cognitive)                                           increased (social) anxiety (i.e., blushing, sweating, 
                         Organismic variables (unique vulnerabilities)                                  sleep disruption) (SYMPTOMS/PROBLEMS).
                             Case formulation (cont.)                                                         Inclusive problem lists
                          Having to give his first sermon triggered his anxiety                       Problem areas:                 Problems with lists:
                           again (ACTIVATING SITUATION). Mike coped by                                    Health, psychiatric         Using vague terms/traits:
                           over‐preparing sermons, only spoke to familiar people                          Interpersonal/family           Why is it a problem?
                           at social events and avoided discussing the priesthood                                                      Ignoring non‐
                           with his family (MECHANISMS). This temporarily                                 Job/school                   psychological problems
                           reduced his anxiety (FUNCTIONAL                                                Financial                   CL has “solved” it (?)
                           CONSEQUENCES) but he missed making valuable                                    Housing                     DO: describe symptoms
                           social contacts and did not self‐disclose with his                             Legal                       DO: look for themes or 
                           mentors which left him feeling more dejected and                                                             relationships among 
                           unsure of his future (SYMPTOMS/PROBLEMS).                                      Leisure functioning          problems
                                                                                                                                                                                 2
                                                                                                                                                                    10/27/2017
                               What should be on Mike’s                                                          David Tolin (Doing CBT, 2016)
                                           problem list?                                                  Automatic + Semi‐Automatic cognition
                          #1:                                                                            Automatic thoughts > trigger mood congruent 
                         #2:                                                                              attention + recall
                         #3:                                                                             Intermediate beliefs  (Semi‐Automatic)
                                                                                                             Cognitive distortions, rules, interpretations
                         #4:                                                                             Core beliefs/schemas (Semi‐Automatic) > may 
                         #5:                                                                              trigger compensatory strategies (Young et al., 2006):
                                                                                                             Maintenance/Surrender (do the usual…)
                                                                                                             Avoidance/Escape (avoid your triggers)
                                                                                                             Compensation/Counter‐Attack (do the opposite)
                                                        AT:                 (Automatic) 
                           Activating sit.:          They’ll see             memory 
                            Mike asked to            me sweat or            bias: Recalls                Why behavior is so important
                           deliver his first           make                 other social 
                              sermon                 mistakes in             anxieties,                  World responds to what we say/do, not what 
                                                     the sermon              mistakes
                            Consequences: high                                                             we think
                             anxiety, blushing,                                                          Guideline #1: Do better in order to feel better
                             sweating, “rough”            Origins: critical 
                               performance                  parents;                                     Guideline #2: Do the healthyopposite: 
                                                           demanding 
                                                            schools                                         Teaches new coping skills
                           Compensatory                                        (Semi‐                       Disconfirms one’s (maladaptive) beliefs
                            Responses:                 (Semi‐                Automatic
                            avoids eye                automatic)             ) CB: I’m a                 Guideline #3: Avoid avoidance:
                           contact; looks            Interpretation:         loser  who 
                           down; talks fast          It’s hopeless.          messes up
                            (to finish                I’ll always                                           Short‐term gain may enable long(er) term pain 
                           sermon sooner)             screw up
                                                                                                           cbtscience/training/resources: 
                                ESTs: Lack of response                                                        Lack of progress worksheet
                         40% of CLs are in Pre‐Contemplation stage                                       Sample “lack of progress” factors:
                           (Prochaska et al., 2014)                                                          Relationship is weak, problematic
                         Driessen et al., 2013: 16 sessions of CBT vs.                                      Little is known about treating CL’s disorder
                           psychodynamic therapy:                                                            Goals are unrealistic (or we disagree on them)
                            No differences on any outcome measures                                          Treatment dose is not meeting CL’s needs OR
                            Average 22% remission                                                           CL needs adjunct (or different) treatment
                         Friborg & Johnsen (2017): results of CBT for                                       My own/CL’s behaviors are interfering w/treatment
                           unipolar depression declined over time                                            Substance use is interfering with treatment
                                                                                                             CL has high social strain or lacks social supports
                                                                                                                                                                                    3
                                                                                                                                        10/27/2017
                                    David Burns: 
                       Outcome + Process Resistance                                    Beck: Therapy interfering beliefs
                     Outcome:CL resists due to “magical thinking,”                    If I try + solve problems >>>
                      i.e., superstitious beliefs about treatment                         I’ll fail OR have to become more responsible
                      outcomes:                                                           It means my TH is controlling me + I’m weak
                       My anxiety protects me from something worse                    If I get better, my life will get worse. WHY?
                       My depression is the price I must pay for my sins                CL fears not meeting others’ (new) expectations
                     Process:CL resists interventions due to magical                    Loss of social support or enabling relationships
                      thinking:                                                          Facing life challenges directly: may lose your 
                       Exposure treatment resistance: My anxiety                          disability, lose your therapist, etc.
                         protects me from X
                         Other treatment challenges                                    Integrating CBT + MI for anxiety
                               (Ledley, et al., 2010)                                            (Randall & McNeil, 2016
                     CL thinkss/he must discuss the past in order to                  CBT elements consistent with MI:
                      get better                                                          Problem‐oriented > clear change targets
                     CL thinks her/his problems are biologically                         Highly collaborative relationship
                      determined                                                          Case formulation used to guide active 
                     CL thinks that CBT may not work for her/him                          treatment planning
                     Are CL’s meds interfering with treatment?                           Focus on skills + behavior change
                       CL’s attributions for change when taking 
                         meds?
                            Enhancing Motivation:                                              Enhancing Motivation: 
                                 Key MI processes                                                  Key MI processes
                     Engaging: Solid relational foundation                            Evoking: Draw out CL’s reasons for change:
                       Accurate empathy                                                  Listen for “change talk” (vs. sustain talk)
                       OARS to understand ambivalence                                    Selectively reinforce + summarize change talk
                       Avoid the “righting” reflex (expert trap)                         Elicit‐Provide‐Elicit
                     Focusing: Guide CL to a key change target:                       Planning: Bridge to change:
                       Identify behavior about which CL feels                            Selectively reinforce commitment language
                         ambivalent                                                       Determine readiness for change + assist with 
                       What’s important to you? What could get in the                     specific change plans
                         way?
                                                                                                                                                     4
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...Workshop overview hour core cbt elements conceptualization maintaining reasonable structure focus by dr claudia j haferkamp case graduate and clinical psychology coordinator facilitating motivation millersville university treatment integration flexibility motivational interviewing exposure improving outcomes other issues time permitting typical session collaborative empiricism beck check in mood objective data problemfocused collaboratively set initial agenda reasonably structured sessions review action plan homework reprioritize final psychoeducational discuss problems make interventions focused on relapse prevention summary plans are essential develop next elicit cl feedback cbtscience training resources loss of assignment not adequately socializing to sample items how well did discussing specificsituations or you feel heard understood today s unfocused discussions key thoughts feelings etc help address your unclear purpose discussion no made confusing was th about interrupting elici...

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