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ADHD—What is Behavioral Therapy?
There are specific ways you can help your child with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
succeed. Read on for information from the American Academy of Pediatrics about behavioral therapy
for a child with ADHD.
About Behavioral Therapy Behavioral therapy is designed to help families recognize the limits that
Most experts recommend using both behavioral therapy and having ADHD puts onto a child. It focuses on how the important people
medication to treat ADHD depending on the age of the child. This is and places in the child’s life can adapt to encourage desired behavior
known as a multimodal treatment approach. and discourage unwanted behavior. It is different from play therapy or
other therapies that focus mainly on the child and his emotions.
There are many forms of behavioral therapy, but all have a common
goal—to change the child’s physical and social environments to help How can I help my child improve his attention
him improve his attention and activity. and activity?
Behavioral therapy has 3 basic principles. As their child’s primary caregivers, parents play a major role in
1. Set specific, doable goals. Set clear and reasonable goals for behavioral therapy. Parent training is available to help you learn more
your child, such as staying focused on homework for a certain about ADHD and specific, positive ways to respond to ADHD-type
amount of time or sharing toys with friends. behaviors. This will help your child improve. In many cases, attending
2. Provide rewards and consequences. Give your child a specified parenting classes with other parents will be sufficient, but with children
reward (positive reinforcement) every time he demonstrates the who have more challenging behaviors, individual work with a counselor
desired behavior. Give your child a consequence (unwanted result or or coach may be needed.
punishment) consistently when he exhibits inappropriate behaviors. Taking care of yourself will also help your child. Being the parent of a
Sometimes when you start using a punishment, the behavior may child with ADHD can be challenging. It can test the limits of even the
first increase before it starts to decrease and disappear. best parents. Parent training and support groups made up of other
3. Keep using the rewards and consequences. Using the rewards families with children who have ADHD can be a great source of help.
and consequences consistently for a long time will shape your Learn stress management techniques to help you respond calmly to
child’s behavior in a positive way. your child. Seek counseling if you feel overwhelmed or hopeless.
Under this approach, parents, teachers, and other caregivers learn better Ask your child’s doctor to help you find parent training, counseling, and
ways to work with and relate to a child with ADHD. You will learn how to set support groups in your community.
and enforce rules, help your child understand what he needs to do, use What you can do
discipline effectively, and encourage desired behavior. Your child will learn • Keep your child on a daily schedule. Try to keep the times that
better ways to control his behavior as a result. You will learn how to be more your child wakes up, eats, bathes, leaves for school, and goes to
consistent. sleep the same each day.
Table 1 shows specific behavioral therapy techniques that can be • Cut down on distractions. Loud music, computer games, and
effective with children who have ADHD. TV can be overstimulating to your child. Make it a rule to keep
Table 1. Behavioral Therapy Techniques the TV or music turned off during mealtime and while your child
is doing homework. Don’t place a TV into your child’s bedroom.
Technique Description Example Whenever possible, avoid taking your child to places that may be too
Complimenting the child The child completes stimulating, such as busy shopping malls.
Positive and providing rewards or an assignment and is • Organize your house. If your child has specific and logical places
reinforcement privileges in response to permitted to play on the to keep his schoolwork, toys, and clothes, he is less likely to lose
a desired behavior computer. them. Save a spot near the front door for his school backpack so that
Removing access to a The child hits a sibling he can grab it on the way out the door.
Time-out desired activity because and, as a result, must
of unwanted behavior sit for 5 minutes in the • Reward desired behavior. Offer kind words, hugs, or small prizes
corner of the room. for reaching goals in a timely manner or for desired behavior. Praise
Withdrawing rewards or The child loses free- and reward your child’s efforts to pay attention.
Response cost privileges because of time privileges for not • Set small, reachable goals. Aim for slow progress rather than
unwanted behavior completing homework. instant results. Be sure that your child understands that he can take
Combining reward and The child earns stars or small steps. Help your child stay “on task.” Use charts and checklists
consequence. The points for completing to track progress with homework or chores. Keep instructions brief.
child earns rewards assignments and loses Offer frequent, friendly reminders.
Token economy and privileges when stars for getting out of his • Limit choices. Help your child learn to make good decisions by
exhibiting desired seat. He cashes in the giving him only 2 or 3 options at a time.
behaviors. He loses sum of his stars or points
rewards and privileges for at the end of the week for • Find activities at which your child can succeed. All children
unwanted behaviors. a prize. need to experience success to feel good about themselves.
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• Use calm discipline. Use consequences such as time-out,
removing your child from the situation, or distraction. Sometimes it From Your Doctor
is best to simply ignore the behavior. Physical punishment, such as
spanking or slapping, is not helpful. Discuss your child’s behavior
with him when both of you are calm.
• Reach out to teachers. Develop a good communication system
with your child’s teachers so that you can coordinate your efforts and
monitor his progress.
Visit HealthyChildren.org for more information.
The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) is an organization of 67,000 primary care pediatricians, pediatric
medical subspecialists, and pediatric surgical specialists dedicated to the health, safety, and well-being of
infants, children, adolescents, and young adults.
Adapted from the American Academy of Pediatrics patient education booklet, Understanding ADHD: Information for Parents About
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. Information applies to all sexes and genders; however, for easier reading, pronouns
such as she are used in this publication. The information contained in this publication should not be used as a substitute for the
medical care and advice of your pediatrician. There may be variations in treatment that your pediatrician may recommend based on
individual facts and circumstances.
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