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picture1_Arabic Grammar Pdf 100390 | Handout On Verb Inflectional Morphology


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File: Arabic Grammar Pdf 100390 | Handout On Verb Inflectional Morphology
middlebury college arabic sociolinguistics spring 2013 1 arabic verb inflectional morphology arabic verbs inflect for the following grammatical categories st nd rd 1 subject agreement in person 1 2 and ...

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                         Middlebury College                                              Arabic Sociolinguistics  Spring 2013 
                                                                                                                                              1
                                                                     Arabic Verb Inflectional Morphology  
                         Arabic verbs inflect for the following grammatical categories:  
                                                                                           st    nd             rd                                                      ّ
                                1.  Subject agreement in person (1 , 2 , and 3 ), number (singular درفملاُ , dual ىنثملاُ                                                    , and 
                                                                                                                                                     َ
                                                                                                     َّ                               َّ
                                      plural عمجلا), and gender (masculine ركذملاُ                          and feminine ثنؤملاُ            ),  
                                                     َ
                                2.  Tense/aspect (perfect يضاملا vs. imperfect عراضملا),  
                                3.  Mood (indicative عوفرملا, subjunctive بوصنملا, and the jussive موزجملا), and  
                                4.  Voice (active مولعملا vs. passive لوھجملا).  
                                                                   َ                             َ
                         We discuss the morphology and uses of each in turn.  
                                                                                Tense/aspect morphology 
                         Verb morphology in the perfect يضاملا 
                                                                                                                                                                                
                               The perfect is mainly used in past tense contexts.  
                                    .ﺔﻳﺿﺎﻣﻟا ﺔﻧﺳﻟا ﻲﻓ روداوﻛﻻا ﻰﻟإ ﻲﺧأ تﻧﺑ ترﻓﺎﺳ      .سﻣأ ﺔﻳﻘﻳﺳوﻣ ﺔﻠﻔﺣ ترﺿﺣ
                                                                                                                                              .نﻳﺗﻧﺳ ذﻧﻣ ﺔﻳﺑرﻌﻟا ﺔﺳارد تأدﺑ
                               The perfect is also used in what is called hypothetical past, as in conditional clauses 
                                introduced by ول/اذإ (= ‘if’).  
                             .ﺔﺻﺎﺧ ةر ﺋ ﺎ ط  تﻳرﺗﺷﻻ ار ﻳ ﻧ و ﻳ ﻠ ﻣ  تﻧﻛ وﻟ     .نوﺗﺟﻧﻟرﻳﺑ ﻰﻟإ بﻫذﺄﺳ ادﻏ ﺎﺳﻣﺷﻣ وﺟﻟا نﺎﻛ اذإ
                                                                 ً                                                                                    ً      ً
                                                                                     
                         1 This handout is based on Chapters 21, 34, and 35, of Karin Ryding’s A Reference Grammar for Modern Standard 
                         Arabic, which is on reserve at the Davis Library.  
                                                                                                          1 
                          
                Middlebury College                      Arabic Sociolinguistics  Spring 2013 
                Verb morphology in the imperfect  عراضملا 
                                                                                                                      
                   The imperfect is used with habitual events and actions in‐progress.  
                            .نﻵا مدﻘﻟا ةر ﻛ  نوﺑﻌﻠﻳ مﻫ       .ﻲﺳاردﻟا ﻝﺻﻔﻟا اذﻫ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻳﺑرﻌﻟا تﺎﻳﻧﺎﺳﻠﻟا مﻠﻋ سردﻧ نﺣﻧ
                                                                      .تاوﻧﺳ رﺷﻋ ذﻧﻣ ةدﺣﺗﻣﻟا مﻣﻷﺎﺑ ﺔﻣﺟرﺗﻟا مﺳﻗ ﻲﻓ ﻝﻣﻌﻳ ﺎﻫدﻟاو
                Expressing the future لبقتسملا  in MSA 
                The future is expressed via the prefix ـس or the morpheme  فوس before the imperfect form of 
                                                         َ                    َ  َ
                the verb.  
                                .فﺻﻟا دﻌﺑ ﻲﺗﻓرﻏ ﻰﻟإ دوﻋﺄﺳ       .ﻊﻳﺑرﻟا ﺔﻠطﻋ ﻲﻓ كروﻳوﻳﻧ ﺔﻳﻻو ﻰﻟإ رﻓﺎﺳﻧ فوﺳ
                                                                                                                      
                  
                                                                  2 
                 
                Middlebury College                      Arabic Sociolinguistics  Spring 2013 
                                                       Mood morphology 
                Verb morphology in the indicative mood عوفرملا عراضملا 
                                                                                                                      
                   The indicative mood is the default form of the verb in Arabic. If no subjunctive or jussive 
                    particle occurs before the verb, the verb will appear in the indicative form.  
                                                                            .ﺔﻧﻣﺎﺛﻟا ﺔﻋﺎﺳﻟا ﻲﻓ حﺎﺑﺻ ﻝﻛ ﺔﻳﺑرﻌﻟا فﺻ ﻰﻟإ  بﻫذأ
                                                                                                                  ُ
                                                                                        ؟ﺔﺑﺗﻛﻣﻟا  ﺢﺗﻔﺗ ﺔﻋﺎﺳ يأ ﻲﻓ نﻳﻓرﻌﺗ ﻝﻫ
                                                                                              ُ
                                                                                                                     
                  
                                                                  3 
                 
                Middlebury College                      Arabic Sociolinguistics  Spring 2013 
                Verb morphology in the subjunctive mood بوصنملا عراضملا 
                                                                                                                       
                   The subjunctive mood indicates the speaker’s attitude towards the event, and is marked by 
                                            ِ   َ    َ    ّ
                    a set of particles:  نأ – ـل ‐ يك – يكل – ىتح – نل 
                                       ْ                   َ
                                                          .رﺻﻣ ﻲﻓ ﻪﺗرﺳأ كرﺗﻳ  نأ دﻳرﻳ ﻻ ﻪﻧﻛﻟ تارﺎﻣﻹا ﻲﻓ ةز ﺎ ﺗ ﻣ ﻣ  ﻝﻣﻋ ﺔﺻرﻓ ﻩدﻧﻋ
                                                                            ْ
                                                                                     .اذﺎﻣﻟ فر ﻋ أ  ﻻ .ﻲﻌﻣ  مﻠﻛﺗﺗ نأ ضﻓرﺗ ﻲﻫ
                                                                                                      َ
                                          .ﺔﻳﺑرﻌﻟا ﺔﻐﻠﻟا  سردﻧ ﻰﺗﺣ/سردﻧ ﻲﻛﻟ/سردﻧ ﻲﻛ/سردﻧﻟ ﻲﺿﺎﻣﻟا فﻳرﺧﻟا ﻲﻓ ندرﻷا ﻰﻟإ ﺎﻧرﻓﺎﺳ
                                                     َ     ّ   َ         َ       َ
                                                                                   .ضﻳرﻣ ﻲﻧﻷ ادﻏ ﺔﻳﺑرﻌﻟا فﺻ ﻰﻟإ  بﻫذأ نﻟ
                                                                                                               َ
                                                                                                                       
                  
                                                                  4 
                 
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...Middlebury college arabic sociolinguistics spring verb inflectional morphology verbs inflect for the following grammatical categories st nd rd subject agreement in person and number singular dual plural gender masculine feminine tense aspect perfect vs imperfect mood indicative subjunctive jussive voice active passive we discuss uses of each turn is mainly used past contexts also what called hypothetical as conditional clauses introduced by if this handout based on chapters karin ryding s a reference grammar modern standard which reserve at davis library with habitual events actions inprogress expressing future msa expressed via prefix or morpheme before form default no particle occurs will appear indicates speaker attitude towards event marked set particles...

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