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Many words can play the role of sina moku e seme? = What are mi moku e kili e telo. = I Toki Pona a noun, adjective, or verb: you eating? consume fruit and water. telo = water / wet / to wash seme li moku e kili mi? = Unofficial words Toki Pona is a constructed Who/what ate my fruit? pona = good, simple / to fix, to language created by Canadian repair Unofficial words (like names of linguist and translator Sonja Modifying words using countries, languages, or people) Lang in 2001. It’s an experiment Nouns have no singular/plural, pi are capitalized and treated like to see how minimalist a and no definite/indefinite adjectives. They are attached to language can get. article: To modify an expression with a a noun, and often simplified to group of words, separate them Toki Pona’s limited alphabet: This side describes the entire kili = a fruit / the fruit / some with the particle pi. It can often grammar, the other side fruits / the fruits be thought of as “of”. Note the mi jan Kapile. = I’m Gabriele. contains the entire vocabulary. difference: ma Kanata li pona lukin. = Cheat sheet by blinry, CC0. Direct objects tomo telo nasa = crazy water Canada is pretty. blinry.org/toki-pona-cheat-sheet/ The particle e separates a house = strange bathroom mi toki ala e toki Inli. = I don't direct object from the rest of speak English. the sentence: tomo pi telo nasa = house of the Alphabet crazy water = pub ma tomo Nujoka li suli. = New soweli li moku e telo. = The cat York is big. Toki Pona uses nine drinks the water. jan wawa ala = no strong people consonants (j k l m n p s t w) jan pi wawa ala = people of not- and five vowels (a e i o u). mi telo e soweli. = I’m washing Prepositions the cat. strong = weak people Pronounciation doesn’t really lon, kepeken, tawa, and tan can matter. Providing context be used as prepositions at the Modifying words using la end of a sentence: Basic sentences Words can be modified by To add a context to a sentence, mi moku lon tomo. = I eat in the The particle li separates the appending other words: house. subject and the verb: prepend another sentence or jan lili = small human = child expression, followed by la. This mi moku kepeken ilo moku. = I soweli li moku. = The cat is tomo mi = my house often results in a structure like eat using a fork. eating. “If (part 1), then (part 2)” or “In pilin pona = to feel good = to be the context of (part 1), (part2).” sina pona tawa mi. = You are jan li lape. = The person is happy good for me. = I like you. sleeping. mi lape la ale li pona. = When I’m asleep, everything is okay. sina tawa weka tan seme? = There is no verb “to be”; the Negation Why are you leaving? part after li can also be a noun or an adjective. To negate a word, append ala: Time Commands kili li moku. = Fruits are food. mi lape ala. = I'm not sleeping. You can use a la-clause to add a temporal context to a To state a command, use o and telo li pona. = Water is good. jan ala li toki. = Nobody is sentence: then what you want the person talking. to do: telo li moku. = Water is a drink. tenpo ni la mi lape. = I am Questions sleeping right now. o lukin e ni! = Look at this! If the subject is mi or sina, the li is always omitted: To ask yes-or-no questions, tenpo kama la mi lape. = I will To address someone, start a replace the verb with “(verb) ala be sleeping in the future. sentence with “(person) o,”: mi moku. = I eat. (verb)”: tenpo pini la mi lape. = I slept in jan Malin o, sina pona lukin. = sina pona. = You are good. the past. Malin, you are pretty. sina ken ala ken lape? = Are you Ambiguity able to sleep? You can also use this together soweli li wile ala wile moku? = Is Compound sentences with a command, merging the Toki Pona has a lot of the cat hungry? two o’s: ambiguity. You’ll often need to Separate multiple subjects in a know the context to decide Alternatively, append anu seme sentence using en: jan San o tawa tomo sina. = what things mean. For example, (”or what”) to the sentence: Sam, go home. lape en moku li suli. = Sleep and verbs have no tense: food are important. sina wile uta e mi anu seme? = Numbers mi moku. = I am eating. / I was Do you want to kiss me? To say that the subject does eating. / I will be eating. more than one thing, you can Combine number words to add To answer these questions, use multiple li-clauses: them up: Many words have multiple or reply with either “(verb)” or general meanings: “(verb) ala”. pipi li moku li pakala. = The bug wan = 1 tu = 2 luka = 5 soweli = cat / dog / (any land To ask questions that can’t be eats and destroys. luka luka tu wan = 13 mammal) answered with yes or no, write If there are several direct kili = (any fruit or vegetable) a normal sentence and replace objects of the same verb, you And… that’s it! the word in question with seme: can use multiple e-clauses: a (emphasis, emotion or kulupu community, company, namako spice, something extra sewi area above, highest part, confirmation) group, nation, society, tribe nanpa -th (ordinal number); something elevated; awe- akesi non-cute animal; reptile, kute ear; to hear, listen; pay number inspiring, divine, sacred, amphibian attention to, obey supernatural nasa unusual, strange; foolish, sijelo body (of person or animal), ala no, not, zero la (between the context crazy; drunk, intoxicated physical state, torso alasa to hunt, forage phrase and the main nasin way, custom, doctrine, sentence) method, path, road sike round or circular thing; ball, ali all; abundant, countless, lape sleeping, resting circle, cycle, sphere, wheel; bountiful, every, plentiful; nena bump, button, hill, mountain, of one year abundance, everything, life, laso blue, green nose, protuberance sin new, another, more universe; 100 lawa head, mind; to control, ni that, this anpa bowing down, downward, direct, guide, lead, own, sina you humble, lowly, dependent plan, regulate, rule nimi name, word sinpin face, foremost, front, wall ante different, altered, changed, len cloth, clothing, fabric, noka foot, leg, organ of sitelen image, picture, other textile; cover, layer of locomotion; bottom, lower representation, symbol, privacy part mark, writing anu or o hey! O! (vocative or awen enduring, kept, protected, lete cold, cool; uncooked, raw imperative) sona to know, be skilled in, be safe, waiting, staying; to li (between any subject wise about, have continue to except mi alone or sina oko eye information on; to know alone and its verb; also to how to e (before the direct object) olin to love, have compassion introduce a new verb for the for, respect, show affection soweli animal, beast, land mammal en (between multiple subjects) same subject) to suli big, heavy, large, long, tall; esun market, shop, fair, bazaar, lili little, small, short; few; a bit; ona he, she, it, they important; adult business transaction young suno sun; light, brightness, glow, open to begin, start; open; turn on ijo thing, phenomenon, object, linja long and flexible thing; cord, radiance, shine; light source matter hair, rope, thread, yarn pakala botched, broken, damaged, harmed, messed up supa horizontal surface, thing to ike bad, negative; non-essential, lipu flat object; book, document, put or rest something on irrelevant card, paper, record, website pali to do, take action on, work on; build, make, prepare suwi sweet, fragrant; cute, ilo tool, implement, machine, loje red, reddish innocent, adorable device palisa long hard thing; branch, rod, lon located at, present at, real, stick tan by, from, because of insa center, content, inside, true, existing taso but, however; only between; internal organ, pan cereal, grain; barley, corn, stomach luka arm, hand, tactile organ; five oat, rice, wheat; bread, tawa going to, toward; for; from lukin to look at, see, examine, pasta the perspective of; moving jaki disgusting, obscene, sickly, observe, read, watch; to pana to give, send, emit, provide, toxic, unclean, unsanitary seek, look for, try to put, release telo water, liquid, fluid, wet jan human being, person, substance; beverage somebody lupa door, hole, orifice, window pi of tenpo time, duration, moment, jelo yellow, yellowish ma earth, land; outdoors, world; pilin heart (physical or occasion, period, situation country, territory; soil emotional); feeling (an toki to communicate, say, speak, jo to have, carry, contain, hold mama parent, ancestor; creator, emotion, a direct say, talk, use language, kala fish, marine animal, sea originator; caretaker, experience) think; hello creature sustainer pimeja black, dark, unlit tomo indoor space; building, kalama to produce a sound; recite, mani money, cash, savings, pini ago, completed, ended, home, house, room utter aloud wealth; large domesticated finished, past tu two animal kama arriving, coming, future, pipi bug, insect, ant, spider unpa to have sexual or marital summoned; to become, meli woman, female, feminine relations with manage to, succeed in person; wife poka hip, side; next to, nearby, vicinity uta mouth, lips, oral cavity, jaw kasi plant, vegetation; herb, leaf mi I, me, we, us poki container, bag, bowl, box, utala to battle, challenge, ken to be able to, be allowed to, mije man, male, masculine cup, cupboard, drawer, compete against, struggle can, may; possible person; husband vessel against kepeken to use, with, by means of moku to eat, drink, consume, pona good, positive, useful; walo white, whitish; light-colored, swallow, ingest friendly, peaceful; simple; pale kili fruit, vegetable, mushroom thanks moli dead, dying wan unique, united; one kin indeed, still, too pu interacting with the official monsi back, behind, rear Toki Pona book waso bird, flying creature, winged kiwen hard object, metal, rock, stone mu (animal noise or sama same, similar; each other; animal communication) sibling, peer, fellow; as, like wawa strong, powerful; confident, ko clay, clinging form, dough, semi-solid, paste, powder mun moon, night sky object, star seli fire; cooking element, sure; energetic, intense kon air, breath; essence, spirit; musi artistic, entertaining, chemical reaction, heat weka absent, away, ignored hidden reality, unseen agent frivolous, playful, source wile must, need, require, should, recreational selo outer form, outer layer; bark, want, wish kule colorful, pigmented, painted mute many, a lot, more, much, peel, shell, skin; boundary several, very; quantity; 20 seme what? which?
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