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                                                                      How	can	i	learn	korean	alphabet	a	to	z
  If	you're	trying	to	learn	the	Korean	Alphabet	you	will	find	some	useful	resources	including	a	course	about	pronunciation,	and	sound	of	all	letters...	to	help	you	with	your	Korean	grammar.	Try	to	concentrate	on	the	lesson	and	memorize	the	sounds.	Also	don't	forget	to	check	the	rest	of	our	other	lessons	listed	on	Learn	Korean.	Enjoy	the	rest	of	the
  lesson!	Learning	the	Korean	alphabet	is	very	important	because	its	structure	is	used	in	every	day	conversation.	Without	it,	you	will	not	be	able	to	say	words	properly	even	if	you	know	how	to	write	those	words.	The	better	you	pronounce	a	letter	in	a	word,	the	more	understood	you	will	be	in	speaking	the	Korean	language.Below	is	a	table	showing	the
  Korean	alphabet	and	how	it	is	pronounced	in	English,	and	finally	examples	of	how	those	letters	would	sound	if	you	place	them	in	a	word.Korean	AlphabetEnglish	SoundPronunciation	Example	g	(initial)k	(final)as	in	gold	-	kit	n	(initial)n	(final)as	in	near	d	(initial)t	(final)as	in	day	-	hat	r	(initial)l	(final)as	in	rabbit	-	ball	m	(initial)m	(final)as	in	moon	b
  (initial)p	(final)as	in	boy	-	map	s	(initial)t	(final)as	in	smile	-	rat	silent	(initial)ng	(final)as	in	kingdom	j	(initial)t	(final)as	in	joy	-	hat	ch	(initial)t	(final)as	in	chin	-	kit	k	(initial)k	(final)as	in	kid	t	(initial)t	(final)as	in	toy	p	(initial)p	(final)as	in	play	h	(initial)t	(final)as	in	hand	-	rat	gg	(initial)k	(final)as	in	great	-	back	dd	(initial)t	(final)as	in	desk	-	bat	bb
  (initial)pp	(final)as	in	brain	-	snap	ss	(initial)t	(final)as	in	smile	-	rat	jj	(initial)t	(final)as	in	joy	-	hat	aas	in	father	aeas	in	pay	yaas	in	yacht	yaeas	in	yea!	eoas	in	young	eas	in	set	yeoas	in	young	yeas	in	yet	oas	in	yo	yo	waas	in	water	waeas	in	waiter	oias	in	wait	yoas	in	yo	yo	uas	in	cool	weoas	in	won	weas	in	wet	uias	in	we	yuas	in	you	uas	in	good	uias	in
  wisdom	ias	in	sheep	Korean	PronunciationYou	saw	how	a	letter	is	written	and	might	be	pronounced,	but	there	is	nothing	better	than	hearing	the	sound	of	the	letters	in	a	video	or	audio.	Below	you	will	be	able	to	hear	how	the	letters	above	are	pronounced,	just	press	the	play	button:	The	alphabet	and	its	pronunciation	have	a	very	important	role	in
  Korean.	Once	you're	done	with	Korean	alphabet,	you	might	want	to	check	the	rest	of	our	Korean	lessons	here:	Learn	Korean.	Don't	forget	to	bookmark	this	page.The	links	above	are	only	a	small	sample	of	our	lessons,	please	open	the	left	side	menu	to	see	all	links.	Copyright	©	2019	MYLANGUAGES.ORG.	Korean	is	spoken	by	about	63	million	people	in
  South	Korea,	North	Korea,	China,	Japan,	Uzbekistan,	Kazakhstan	and	Russia.	The	relationship	between	Korean	and	other	languages	is	not	known	for	sure,	though	some	linguists	believe	it	to	be	a	member	of	the	Altaic	family	of	languages.	Grammatically	Korean	is	very	similar	to	Japanese	and	about	70%	of	its	vocabulary	comes	from	Chinese.	Origins	of
  writing	in	Korea	Chinese	writing	has	been	known	in	Korea	for	over	2,000	years.	It	was	used	widely	during	the	Chinese	occupation	of	northern	Korea	from	108	BC	to	313	AD.	By	the	5th	century	AD,	the	Koreans	were	starting	to	write	in	Classical	Chinese	-	the	earliest	known	example	of	this	dates	from	414	AD.	They	later	devised	three	different	systems
  for	writing	Korean	with	Chinese	characters:	Hyangchal	(/鄕札),	Gukyeol	(/口訣)	and	Idu	(/吏讀).	These	systems	were	similar	to	those	developed	in	Japan	and	were	probably	used	as	models	by	the	Japanese.	The	Idu	system	used	a	combination	of	Chinese	characters	together	with	special	symbols	to	indicate	Korean	verb	endings	and	other	grammatical
  markers,	and	was	used	to	in	official	and	private	documents	for	many	centuries.	The	Hyangchal	system	used	Chinese	characters	to	represent	all	the	sounds	of	Korean	and	was	used	mainly	to	write	poetry.	The	Koreans	borrowed	a	huge	number	of	Chinese	words,	gave	Korean	readings	and/or	meanings	to	some	of	the	Chinese	characters	and	also
  invented	about	150	new	characters,	most	of	which	are	rare	or	used	mainly	for	personal	or	place	names.	The	Korean	alphabet	was	invented	in	1444	and	promulgated	it	in	1446	during	the	reign	of	King	Sejong	(r.1418-1450),	the	fourth	king	of	the	Joseon	Dynasty.	The	alphabet	was	originally	called	Hunmin	jeongeum,	or	"The	correct	sounds	for	the
  instruction	of	the	people",	but	has	also	been	known	as	Eonmeun	(vulgar	script)	and	Gukmeun	(national	writing).	The	modern	name	for	the	alphabet,	Hangeul,	was	coined	by	a	Korean	linguist	called	Ju	Si-gyeong	(1876-1914).	In	North	Korea	the	alphabet	is	known	as		(josoen	guel).	The	shapes	of	the	consonants	are	based	on	the	shape	the	mouth	made
  when	the	corresponding	sound	is	made,	and	the	traditional	direction	of	writing	(vertically	from	right	to	left)	most	likely	came	from	Chinese,	as	did	the	practice	of	writing	syllables	in	blocks.	Even	after	the	invention	of	the	Korean	alphabet,	most	Koreans	who	could	write	continued	to	write	either	in	Classical	Chinese	or	in	Korean	using	the	Gukyeol	or
  Idu	systems.	The	Korean	alphabet	was	associated	with	people	of	low	status,	i.e.	women,	children	and	the	uneducated.	During	the	19th	and	20th	centuries	a	mixed	writing	system	combining	Chinese	characters	(Hanja)	and	Hangeul	became	increasingly	popular.	Since	1945	however,	the	importance	of	Chinese	characters	in	Korean	writing	has
  diminished	significantly.	Since	1949	hanja	have	not	been	used	at	all	in	any	North	Korean	publications,	with	the	exception	of	a	few	textbooks	and	specialized	books.	In	the	late	1960s	the	teaching	of	hanja	was	reintroduced	in	North	Korean	schools	however	and	school	children	are	expected	to	learn	2,000	characters	by	the	end	of	high	school.	In	South
  Korea	school	children	are	expected	to	learn	1,800	hanja	by	the	end	of	high	school.	The	proportion	of	hanja	used	in	Korean	texts	varies	greatly	from	writer	to	writer	and	there	is	considerable	public	debate	about	the	role	of	hanja	in	Korean	writing.	Most	modern	Korean	literature	and	informal	writing	is	written	entirely	in	hangeul,	however	academic
  papers	and	official	documents	tend	to	be	written	in	a	mixture	of	hangeul	and	hanja.	Notable	features	of	Hangeul	Type	of	writing	system:	alphabet	Writing	direction:	Until	the	1980s	Korean	was	usually	written	from	right	to	left	in	vertical	columns.	Since	then	writing	from	left	to	right	in	horizontal	lines	has	become	popular,	and	today	the	majority	of
  texts	are	written	horizontally.	Number	of	letter:	24	(jamo):	14	consonants	and	10	vowels.	The	letters	are	combined	together	into	syllable	blocks.	For	example,	Hangeul	is	written:		(han)	=	ᄒ	(h)	+		(a)	+	ᄂ	(n)	and		(geul)	=	ᄀ	(g)	+		(eu)	+	ᄅ	(l)	The	shapes	of	the	the	consontants	g/k,	n,	s,	m	and	ng	are	graphical	representations	of	the	speech	organs
  used	to	pronounce	them.	Other	consonsants	were	created	by	adding	extra	lines	to	the	basic	shapes.	The	shapes	of	the	the	vowels	are	based	on	three	elements:	man	(a	vertical	line),	earth	(a	horizontal	line)	and	heaven	(a	dot).	In	modern	Hangeul	the	heavenly	dot	has	mutated	into	a	short	line.	Spaces	are	placed	between	words,	which	can	be	made	up	of
  one	or	more	syllables.	The	sounds	of	some	consonants	change	depending	on	whether	they	appear	at	the	beginning,	in	the	middle,	or	at	the	end	of	a	syllable.	A	number	of	Korean	scholars	have	proposed	an	alternative	method	of	writing	Hangeul	involving	writing	each	letter	in	a	line	like	in	English,	rather	than	grouping	them	into	syllable	blocks,	but
  their	efforts	have	been	met	with	little	interest	or	enthusiasm.	In	South	Korea	hanja	are	used	to	some	extent	in	some	Korean	texts.	Used	to	write:	Korean,	and	Cia-Cia	(Bahasa	Ciacia	/		),	a	Malayo-Polynesian	language	spoken	on	Buton	Island	in	Indonesia.	The	Hangeul	alphabet	()	Consonants	(/子音)	A	recording	of	the	Korean	consonants	by	Jessica	Kwon
  The	double	consonants	marked	with	*	are	pronounced	fortis.	There	is	no	symbol	in	IPA	to	indiciate	this.	Vowels	(/母音)	A	recording	of	the	Korean	vowels	by	Jessica	Kwon	Note	on	the	transliteration	of	Korean	There	are	a	number	different	ways	to	write	Korean	in	the	Latin	alphabet.	The	methods	shown	above	are:	(first	row)	the	official	South	Korean
  transliteration	system,	which	was	introduced	in	July	2000.	You	can	find	further	details	at	www.mct.go.kr.	(second	row)	the	McCune-Reischauer	system,	which	was	devised	in	1937	by	two	American	graduate	students,	George	McCune	and	Edwin	Reischauer,	and	is	widely	used	in	Western	publications.	For	more	details	of	this	system	see:	See	the	Korean
  alphabet	pronounced:	Download	a	Korean	alphabet	chart	in	Excel,	Word	or	PDF	format.	Sample	text	in	Korean	(hangeul	only)	Sample	text	in	Korean	(hangeul	and	hanja)	Transliteration	Modeun	Ingan-eun	Tae-eonal	ttaebuteo	Jayuroumyeo	Geu	Jon-eomgwa	Gwonrie	Iss-eo	Dongdeunghada.	Ingan-eun	Cheonbujeog-euro	Iseong-gwa	Yangsim-eul	Bu-
  yeobad-ass-eumyeo	Seoro	Hyungje-ae-ui	Jeongsin-euro	Haengdongha-yeo-yahanda.	A	recording	of	this	text	by	Jessica	Kwon	Translation	All	human	beings	are	born	free	and	equal	in	dignity	and	rights.	They	are	endowed	with	reason	and	conscience	and	should	act	towards	one	another	in	a	spirit	of	brotherhood.	(Article	1	of	the	Universal	Declaration	of
  Human	Rights)	Sample	videos	in	Korean	Information	about	Korean	|	Phrases	|	Numbers	|	Colours	|	Time	|	Family	words	|	Tongue	twisters	|	Tower	of	Babel	|	Articles	|	Learning	materials	|	Links	Links	Information	about	the	Korean	language	Online	Korean	lessons	More	Korean	links	Learn	Korean	now	at	Rocket	Languages!	Learn	Korean	with	Glossika
  Korean	courses	and	other	resources	available	on	Amazon	Languages	written	with	the	Hangeul	alphabet	Cia-Cia,	Jeju,	Korean	Alphabets	A-chik	Tokbirim,	Adinkra,	Adlam,	Armenian,	Avestan,	Avoiuli,	Bassa	(Vah),	Beitha	Kukju,	Borama	/	Gadabuursi,	Carian,	Carpathian	Basin	Rovas,	Chinuk	pipa,	Chisoi,	Coorgi-Cox,	Coptic,	Cyrillic,	Dalecarlian	runes,
  Deseret,	Elbasan,	Etruscan,	Faliscan,	Galik,	Georgian	(Asomtavruli),	Georgian	(Nuskhuri),	Georgian	(Mkhedruli),	Glagolitic,	Gothic,	Greek,	Irish	(Uncial),	Kaddare,	Khatt-i-Badí’,	Khazarian	Rovas,	Korean,	Latin,	Lepontic,	Luo	Lakeside	Script,	Lycian,	Lydian,	Manchu,	Mandaic,	Mandombe,	Marsiliana,	Messapic,	Mongolian,	Mro,	Mundari	Bani,	N'Ko,
  North	Picene,	Nyiakeng	Puachue	Hmong,	Odùduwà,	Ogham,	Old	Church	Slavonic,	Oirat	Clear	Script,	Ol	Chiki	(Ol	Cemet'	/	Santali),	Old	Italic,	Old	Nubian,	Old	Permic,	Ol	Onal,	Orkhon,	Oscan,	Pau	Cin	Hau,	Phrygian,	Pollard	script,	Runic,	Székely-Hungarian	Rovás	(Hungarian	Runes),	Somali	(Osmanya),	South	Picene,	Sutton	SignWriting,	Tai	Lue,
  Tangsa,	Todhri,	Toto,	Umbrian,	Uyghur,	Wancho,	Zaghawa,	Zoulai	Other	writing	systems	Page	last	modified:	01.06.21	Why	not	share	this	page:	report	this	ad	If	you	need	to	type	in	many	different	languages,	the	Q	International	Keyboard	can	help.	It	enables	you	to	type	almost	any	language	that	uses	the	Latin,	Cyrillic	or	Greek	alphabets,	and	is	free.	If
  you	like	this	site	and	find	it	useful,	you	can	support	it	by	making	a	donation	via	PayPal	or	Patreon,	or	by	contributing	in	other	ways.	Omniglot	is	how	I	make	my	living.	report	this	ad	Note:	all	links	on	this	site	to	Amazon.com,	Amazon.co.uk	and	Amazon.fr	are	affiliate	links.	This	means	I	earn	a	commission	if	you	click	on	any	of	them	and	buy	something.
  So	by	clicking	on	these	links	you	can	help	to	support	this	site.	Hangul	is	the	Korean	alphabet	and	blah	blah	blah.	Yeah	let’s	skip	all	boring	introductions.	I’ll	tell	you	only	the	important	things	that	you	must	know,	you	must	understand	the	differences	between	Hangul	and	Latin	alphabet	like	a	consonant	can	go	below	other	letters	or	that	you	can
  combine	2	different	vowels	to	make	a	new	sound.	Those	things	aren’t	something	you	can	find	in	most	languages	and	that’s	interesting	and	what	you	really	have	to	know.		If	you	only	memorize	the	letter	without	understanding	how	it	works,	You	would	write	Korean	in	a	very	wrong	way.	You	have	to	understand	how	it	works,	not	only	memorizing	the
  alphabet.	This	tutorial	will	help	you	to	build	a	brain	for	that	and	show	you	how	native	Koreans	understand	Hangul.	I’ll	teach	you	everything,	from	how	to	read	them,	to	how	to	write	them	correctly.	It’ll	be	your	first	achievement	for	Korean	language	and	I’m	already	proud	of	you	since	you	decided	to	start	it.	*	this	tutorial	has	images	and	audios	to	help
  you	understanding.	Also,	all	consonants	are	pronounced	with	vowel	a.	This	AD	helps	Korean	Jun	to	keep	making	all	tutorials	free	I’m	sorry	for	dragging	but	I	have	to	tell	you	things	more	before	I	start	it.	Have	you	ever	seen	some	tutorials	that	say	you	can	learn	Hangul	in	15	minutes	or	30	minutes?	YES,	You	can	do	it!	Or…	can	you?	Of	course,	It’s	a	lie.
  That’s	just	a	clickbait	or	they	don’t	fully	understand	Hangul	or	they	just	don’t	really	teach	you	everything	about	Hangul	OR	they	don’t	want	to	demotivate	you.	I’ll	tell	you	honestly,	it	will	take	you	more	than	15	mins.	But	after	this	tutorial	(and	the	batchim	tutorial),	you	won’t	ever	read	Korean	words	in	a	wrong	way.	100%	accurate	guarantee.	You	don’t
  need	to	spend	more	time	to	find	other	tutorials.	Here	is	everything	that	you	really	need	to	learn.	LEVEL	1	:	BASICS	ᄅ	is	one	of	the	most	confusing	Korean	pronunciations.	When	you	use	a	translator	to	check	it	or	you	read	some	Hangul	tutorials,	you	can	mostly	find	that	ᄅ	is	written	as	[R]	or	[L].	But…	which	one	is	it?	Is	it	L	or	R?	In	fact,	Korean	ᄅ	isn’t
  either	L	or	R.	It’s	a	completely	different	pronunciation	from	both.	For	the	correct	basic	ᄅ	pronunciation,	touch	the	front	ceiling	of	the	mouth	(not	back	of	your	upfront	teeth,	way	behind	than	L)	with	your	tongue	and	move	it	down	while	you	make	a	sound.	Check	the	image	for	the	more	correct	tongue	position.	Hangul	has	a	really	interesting	system	for
  vowels.	It	has	3	components	:	a	vertical	line,	a	horizontal	line	and	a	dot.	Each	component	means	‘sky’,	‘earth	/	ground’	and	‘human’.				Sky	Earth	Ground	Human	The	round	shape	of	the	dot	represents	the	sky.	The	horizontal	line	represents	flat	earth	/	ground	and	the	vertical	line	represents	a	human	standing	still.	And	by	using	only	these	3	components,
  you	can	make	all	21	Hangul	vowels.	Let’s	how	it’s	possible,	how	it	works.	Basic	Vowel	➜	➜	This	is	what	King	Sejong	considered	as	the	fundamentals	of	the	Hangul	vowel.	The	modern	Korean	language	began	to	use	lines	instead	of	dots	by	time	but	you	still	can	see	the	trace	of	it.	Hangul	has	a	really	interesting	background	story	but	I’ll	tell	you	that
  another	time,	let’s	focus	on	letters	now.	Hangul	letters	look	very	similar	so	it	might	be	very	confusing	at	first.	But	you	don’t	have	to	worry.	Try	to	remember	how	Hangul	really	works	first.	You	will	remember	them	all	and	understand	how	to	use	them	perfectly	after	following	this	tutorial.	This	AD	helps	Korean	Jun	to	keep	making	all	tutorials	free	You
  can	distinguish	Hangul	vowels	with	2	major	types	:	vertical	and	horizontal.	Every	Hangul	vowel	is	made	based	on	those	2.	Let’s	start	with	the	vertical	vowels.	Draw	a	vertical	line.	It	looks	like	‘I’	in	the	Latin	alphabet.	Interestingly,	the	pronunciation	is	also	the	same	as	‘i	(ee)’.	This	letter	represents	‘human’	and	it	looks	like	a	standing	person.	Not
  difficult	at	all	right?	It	also	looks	like	a	skinny	‘tree’.	You	can	remember	this	letter	as	‘skinny	tree’.	You	will	use	it	to	make	all	other	Hangul	vertical	vowels.	Let’s	see	what	Hangul	letters	we	can	make	more	based	on	‘ㅣ’.	Now	Let’s	add	a	small	branch	on	that	skinny	tree.	Let’s	draw	a	small	line	on	the	right	side	and	now	it	has	‘a’	that	you	can	find	in
  ‘right’.	A	small	line	on	the	left	side	is	‘U’	sound	in	‘ummmmm	I	really	don’t	know	what’s	a	good	example	for	eo	sound	(LOL)’	or	‘gun’	Hangul	vowels	work	in	this	method	always.	You	will	add	more	lines	to	make	new	sounds.	Very	simple	right?	As	long	as	you	remember	this.	Other	Hangul	letters	become	easier	to	make,	easier	to	learn.	Reading	and
  writing	Hangul	letters	with	a	vertical	vowel	are	very	easy.	It’s	the	same	as	the	Latin	alphabet.	Read	and	write	letters	from	the	left	to	the	right.	Wrong	Correct	➜	However,	you	shouldn’t	make	a	gap	between	2	between	a	consonant	and	a	vowel	especially	when	they	belong	to	the	same	syllable.	You	must	write	a	consonant	and	a	vowel	very	close	so	they
  look	like	a	single	letter.	It’s	a	bit	confusing.	Why	do	I	have	to	write	them	close?	Why	can’t	I	just	write	them	separately?	It’s	the	most	different	thing	between	many	other	alphabet	systems	and	Hangul.	Let’s	keep	reading	so	we	can	get	the	answers.	So,	did	you	figure	out	how	to	write	Hangul?	Why	don’t	you	try	to	write	[imi]?	Before	you	go	further.
  Please,	stop	reading	for	a	second	and	get	a	pen	and	a	notebook	and	try	to	write	[imi]	with	Hangul.	I’m	waiting…	So,	how	did	you	write	it?	Beginners	in	this	stage	mostly	write	‘ㅣ’	because	they	don’t	know	that	they	can’t	write	only	a	vowel	or	a	consonant	alone	for	Hangul.	In	most	European	languages,	writing	only	vowels	is	not	so	weird	like	‘au’.
  However,	that	is	not	the	correct	way	to	write	with	Hangul.	You	have	to	combine	at	least	one	consonant	and	one	vowel	together	always.	That’s	how	native	Koreans	understand	a	single	letter	in	Hangul.	Correct	Wrong	Correct	Wrong	가	:	ga	ㅏ	:	a		:	ba	ᄇ	:	b		:	na	ᄂ	:	n		:	sa	ㅏ	:	a		:	da	ㅏ	:	a		:	ja	ᄌ	:	j		:	la	ㅏ	:	a		:	pa	ㅏ	:	a		:	ma	ᄆ	:	m		:	ha	ᄒ	:	h	So,	if	you
  write	가,	even	though	it	technically	has	2	Hangul	letters,	native	Koreans	consider	it	as	a	single	letter.	This	combination	of	letters	always	makes	a	syllable.	In	this	Hangul	tutorial,	we	will	call	it	a	syllable	block.	So,	in	Hangul,	a	letter	always	means	a	syllable	block	and	you	have	to	combine	a	consonant	and	a	vowel	into	one	syllable	block	to	make	it
  function	well.	If	we	can’t	write	only	a	vowel,	then	how	can	we	write	texts	without	a	consonant,	such	as	‘a’,	or	a	Korean	word	that	starts	with	a	vowel	such	as	Asia?	For	those	cases,	Hangul	uses	a	default	consonant	ᄋ.	The	default	consonant	makes	no	sound	but	it	helps	a	vowel	functioning	itself	by	making	a	syllable	block.	Every	single	Hangul	letter
  always	depends	on	each	letter	together.	English	Correct	Wrong	Baaaaa		ㅏㅏㅏ	So,	if	you	want	to	write	‘Baaa’,	It	has	to	be	‘’,	not	‘ㅏㅏㅏ’.	You	must	complete	every	text	by	making	them	into	a	syllable	block	with	Hangul.	I	called	it	a	default	consonant	to	help	you	understand.	But	of	course,	it’s	not	a	‘default’	or	‘fake’	consonant	to	native	Koreans.	You	will
  face	a	lot	of	differences	just	like	this	between	Korean	and	your	language.	You	always	have	to	remember	that	every	language	can	be	very	different	and	you	shouldn’t	accept	Korean	language	in	ways	that	your	language	has.	As	long	as	you	keep	that	in	your	mind,	you	will	learn	the	correct	Korean	language.	This	AD	helps	Korean	Jun	to	keep	making	all
  tutorials	free	LEVEL	2	:	TRANSFORMATION	Now	let’s	learn	a	bit	trickier	things	for	Hangul.	You’ve	learned	11	basic	consonants.	You	might	notice	that	those	missed	some	pronunciations	such	as	[c]	or	[p].	In	the	previous	level,	we	made	more	vowels	by	adding	an	additional	line	like	ㅣ	to	ㅏ	and	ㅓ.	Hangul	consonants	use	additional	lines	to	make	more
  letters	and	sounds.	Then	what	happens	when	we	add	lines	on	the	basic	Korean	consonants?	Let’s	check	it	with	the	chart.	What’s	different	between	the	consonants	on	the	left	column	and	the	right	column?	It	seems	like	additional	lines	make	stronger	and	breathing	out	sounds.	That’s	exactly	what	the	lines	do	with	Hangul	consonants.	These	sounds	are
  called	‘the	plosive	sound’.	The	plosive	sounds	describe	a	pop	sound	on	lips	like	[p]	or	a	breathing	out	sound	like	[c]	or	[h].	In	Hangul,	you	can	find	6	plosive	letters	ᄏ	[k],	ᄐ	[t],	ᄑ	[p],	ᄌ	[j],	ᄎ[ch],	ᄒ[h].	Remember,	additional	lines	mean	stronger	sound	for	Hangul	consonants.	*	Technically,	ᄃ	is	almost	plosive	and	ᄒ	isn’t	plosive	based	on	IPA.	Also,
  Korean	phonetics	determines	ᄀ,	ᄃ,	ᄆ,	ᄋ	are	plosive	in	certain	conditions.	Do	you	remember	the	vertical	vowels?	The	word	‘vertical’	was	a	subtle	hint	that	Hangul	also	has	horizontal	vowels	because	I	wouldn’t	need	to	call	it	vertical	if	there	weren’t	horizontal	types.	These	horizontal	vowels	are	quite	tricky	because	they	have	a	different	system	to
  write.	Another	quiz,	I	want	you	to	guess	how	to	use	the	horizontal	vowel.	Write	[go]	using	‘ㅗ	[o]’.	I’m	waiting.	DON’T	YOU	DARE	LOOK	DOWN	FOR	THE	ANSWER.	You	probably	noticed	all	my	questions	are	some	sort	of	traps.	So,	maybe	this	time	you	found	the	correct	answer	on	how	to	write	the	horizontal	vowel.	Let’s	see	if	your	answer	was	correct.
  If	you	wrote	‘’,	then	congratulations,	you	guessed	it	super	duper	correctly.	Horizontal	vowels	are	placed	under	a	consonant	in	a	syllable	block	and	are	read	from	the	top	to	the	bottom,	a	consonant	first	and	then	a	horizontal	vowel.	Wrong	Correct	➜	Hangul	horizontal	vowels	are	placed	under	a	consonant,	not	next	to	a	consonant.	Now	you	see	why	you
  need	to	learn	2	types	of	vowels	separately.	So,	let’s	go	check	what	sound	horizontal	vowels	can	make.	Do	you	remember	our	skinny	tree?	Yes,	it	was	‘ㅣ’	and	pronounced	‘i’	in	skinny	or	‘ee’	in	tree.	Now,	let’s	lay	it	down	on	the	ground.	Now	it	became	horizontal	and	to	represent	‘ground’	or	‘earth’.	This	horizontal	vowel	is	pronounced	with	no	vowel
  sound	like	‘g’	in	ground	or	‘t’	in	tree.	Let’s	imagine	g	has	a	vowel	like	[geu-round]	or	[teu-ree].	That’s	the	sound	of	the	horizontal	vowel	‘ㅡ’.	Of	course,	the	correct	pronunciation	is	a	bit	different	but	this	is	how	you	start.	It	might	be	very	confusing	even	though	you	pronounce	this	so	many	times.	That’s	very	okay.	You	just	need	a	little	bit	of	practice.
  Some	Hangul	tutorials	say	it’s	the	same	sound	with	‘u’	like	oo	sound	in	goose.	Well…	that	can’t	be	more	wrong.	‘ㅜ	[u]’	and	‘ㅡ	[eu]’	are	completely	different	sounds	to	native	Koreans.	However,	one	thing	is	correct:	you	have	to	pronounce	it	as	a	vowel.	We	made	more	Hangul	vertical	vowels	by	adding	a	line	on	‘ㅣ’.	We	also	can	make	Hangul	horizontal
  vowels	in	the	same	way.	All	we	need	to	do	is	to	simply	add	a	single	line.	Let’s	add	a	line	and	see	what	happens.	Let’s	add	a	line	on	the	top	of	the	laid	tree.	That	makes	the	‘o’	sound	like	o	in	oh	or	o	in	on.	A	line	under	the	laid	tree	makes	the	‘u’	sound.	It	looks	like	a	tree	sprouting	a	root.	Yes,	it’s	the	oo	sound	in	root.	Now,	try	to	write	‘san’	with	Hangul.
  Don’t	go	down	there.	Try	to	write	it	first.	I’m	waiting…	waiting…	How	did	you	write	san?	Again,	at	this	stage,	many	beginners	make	a	mistake.	They	often	write	something	like	‘ᄂ’.	But	wait,	we’ve	learned	that	Hangul	can’t	be	written	alone	to	be	pronounced.	They	have	to	make	a	syllable	block	by	combining	a	consonant	and	a	vowel	always.	So,	‘ᄂ’
  must	be	wrong	because	ᄂ	was	written	alone.	English	Correct	Wrong	san		ᄂ	For	those	cases,	we	need	a	batchim	which	is	a	unique	feature	that	Hangul	has.	Batchim	is	a	consonant	placed	under	other	letters	and	pronounced	at	the	end	of	the	syllable	block.	For	example,	n	in	san	becomes	a	batchim	since	it’s	pronounced	at	the	end	of	the	syllable.	We
  can’t	write	each	Hangul	letter	separately,	we	have	to	use	this	method	always.	I	miss	the	fried	chicken	I	had	last	night	Red	colored	letters	are	Batchims.	You	can	see	the	Batchims	are	a	consonant	under	other	letters	in	each	syllable	block.	Problem	is…	Batchim	has	its	own	rules.	For	example,	ᄉ	[s]	in		is	pronounced	as	‘t’,	not	‘s’	while	other	batchims
  keep	the	pronunciation	with	no	change.	Why	does	it	happen?	Why	does	Hangul	use	Batchim?	And	what	does	Batchim	really	mean?	If	you	need	answers	for	those	questions	and	master	Hangul,	click	this	link	to	check	this	batchim	tutorial.	But,	no	need	to	click	the	link	now,	I’ll	share	you	the	link	at	the	end	of	this	tutorial	again.	With	Vertical	Vowel	With
  Horizontal	Vowel	Remember	batchim	is	always	placed	below	other	Hangul	letters	and	also	is	pronounced	at	the	end	of	a	syllable	block.	It	doesn’t	matter	which	type	of	vowel	is	used.	You	found	some	Hangul	pronunciations	that	your	language	doesn’t	have.	Then	probably	Hangul	also	doesn’t	have	some	pronunciations	that	your	language	has.	Hangul
  doesn’t	have	F,	R,	V,	Z	and	Th	sound.	You	have	to	replace	them	with	similar	Hangul	pronunciations	when	you	write	your	language.	For	example,	you	want	to	write	your	name	and	your	name	has	F,	R,	V,	Z	or	Th,	then	you	have	to	replace	them	with	other	letters.	English	Replacement	F	ᄑ	[p]	R	ᄅ	[l]	V	ᄇ	[b]	Z	ᄌ	[j]	Th	ᄉ	[s]	/	ᄊ	[ss]	Just	like	Hangul
  doesn’t	have	some	letters	and	pronunciations,	it	also	doesn’t	have	some	features	that	the	Latin	alphabet	has.	It’s	upper	cases.	Hangul	doesn’t	have	upper	cases	so	you	don’t	have	to	make	the	first	letter	of	a	sentence	bigger	or	write	it	differently.	LEVEL	3	:	COMBINATIONS	Some	Hangul	letters	have	their	twin	brothers.	ᄁ,	ᄄ,	ᄈ,	ᄊ,	ᄍ	are	those.	They
  are	called	‘twin	consonant	()’.	But	how	are	they	pronounced?	Should	we	pronounce	them	just	like	ᄀ,	ᄃ,	ᄇ,	ᄉ,	ᄌ?	If	you	are	a	complete	beginner	for	Korean	pronunciation,	Twin	consonants	must	sound	like	the	plosive	sounds	to	you	such	as	‘ᄏ	[k]’,	‘ᄐ	[t]’,	‘ᄑ	[p]’,	‘ᄎ	[ch]’.	But	the	twin	consonants	are	actually	very	different	from	them.	Even	some
  tutorials,	that	foreigners	wrote,	say	twin	consonants	have	the	same	sounds	to	plosive.	However,	for	Koreans,	they	are	very	different	sounds.	However,	there	is	an	easy	way	to	pronounce	the	twin	consonants	if	you	are	familiar	with	Spanish	language	or	pronunciation.	Because	some	of	them	have	the	same	sound	to	Spanish	c,	t,	p.	They	use	the	tension	on
  the	throat	(the	same	tension	when	you	pronounce	‘e’	in	ear).	If	you	still	don’t	understand	them,	try	to	block	your	throat	half	and	pronounce	them.	Congratulations,	you	just	nailed	the	pronunciation	that	almost	all	students	usually	take	more	than	months	to	succeed.	Of	course,	you	have	to	practice	for	a	couple	of	weeks	until	you	get	used	to	them.	Before
  we	go	further,	I’ll	answer	your	question	that	you	probably	have	in	your	mind.	What’s	different	between	ᄉ	and	ᄊ.	How	can	Hangul	have	2	different	‘s’	sounds?	First	of	all,	you	have	to	understand	that	ᄉ	is	a	totally	different	sound	from	English	s.	Try	to	pronounce	English	s	then	you	can	notice	that	you	make	sss	sound	at	the	behind	of	your	teeth.	But	ᄉ
  sound	shares	the	same	method	with	the	‘sh’	sound.	It	makes	sss	sound	near	the	throat.	Try	to	pronounce	sh	without	moving	your	lips.	Again,	try	to	pronunce	‘sh’	sound	but,	in	this	time,	make	a	little	tension	on	your	throat	like	half-closing	the	throat	and	pronounce	ᄉ.	It	will	make	your	sh	sound	much	stronger	which	is	fortis.	That’s	Korean	ᄊ.	What	are
  the	most	basic	vowels	in	most	languages?	Yes,	it’s	‘a	/	i	/	u	/	e	/	o’.	However,	you	might	notice	a	weird	fact	that	we	didn’t	learn	‘e	sound’	for	basic	Hangul	vowels.	Why?	The	reason	is	simple.	‘e’	sound	is	not	the	basic	vowel	in	Hangul.	Hangul	always	uses	2	vertical	vowels	to	make	e-vowel	combinations.	What	you	must	know	about	them	is	that	ㅐ	and	ㅔ
  both	have	the	same	‘e’	sound	(e	:	e	in	edit).	They	are	different	only	for	the	spelling.	When	native	Koreans	want	to	know	which	e-vowel	is	used	for	spelling,	they	ask	if	it’s	‘ai	e	(e	based	on	ㅏ)’	or	‘eoi	e	(e	based	on	ㅓ)’.	Some	Hangul	tutorials	may	teach	you	that	they	are	pronounced	differently.	They	WERE	pronounced	differently	about	50	years	ago	(I
  guess).	Now	both	Hangul	letters	share	the	exact	same	pronunciation	and	native	Koreans	CAN’T	distinguish	them	anymore.	Quick	question,	what	sound	do	2	small	branches	on	a	vowel?	Yes,	it	makes	y-combinations	such	as	‘yu’,	‘yo’,	‘ya’.	You	can	also	apply	this	combination	rule	to	e	combinations.	Just	like	ㅐ	and	ㅔ,	They	both	are	pronounced	exactly
  the	same	[ye].	Koreans	don’t	and	can’t	distinguish	them.	They	are	different	only	for	spelling.	Also,	Native	Koreans	often	pronounce	them	as	‘e’,	instead	of	‘ye’,	such	as	‘	[gegi]’,	‘	[yeneoin]’.	When	you	combine	a	vertical	vowel	and	a	horizontal	vowel	together.	It	makes	‘w-vowels’	such	as	‘wa’,	‘wi’,	‘we’.	Since	you	learned	all	Hangul	vowels	and
  combinations,	You	have	an	ability	to	understand	Korean	w-vowels	even	if	you	are	not	aware	of	it	yet.	Wanna	test	if	you	can	bring	it	out	from	your	unconsciousness?	Read	‘’	with	no	any	help.	Don’t	check	the	answer	yet.	DON’T	CHECK	IT.	If	you	read		as	[wa]	or	[oa],	then	you	read	it	very	correctly.	Don’t	be	sad	even	if	you	answered	it	wrong,	you	know	I
  always	make	tricky	questions.	As	you	can	see,	Hangul	w-vowels	use	2	different	vowels	and	you	simply	need	to	read	them	very	fast.	Hangul	w-vowels	always	use	1	horizontal	vowel	and	1	vertical	vowel	and	you	simply	need	to	read	them	very	fast	from	a	horizontal	vowel	to	a	vertical	vowel	(or	from	left	to	right).	Let’s	see	if	it’s	correct.	ㅗ	[o]	and	ㅏ	[a]	->
  ㅘ	[wa]	ㅜ	[u]	and	ㅓ	[eo]	->	ㅝ	[wo]	ㅜ	[u]	and	ㅣ	[i]	->	ㅟ	[wi]	Very	easy.	Remember	the	key	is	to	pronounce	each	vowel	very	fast.	Also,	you	might	notice	that	ㅚ	isn’t	pronounced	as	what	you	expected.	That’s	the	only	exception	for	the	basic	Korean	alphabet.	Now	it’s	time	to	learn	final	Hangul	combinations.	It	follows	the	same	method	with	w-vowels	but,
  in	this	time,	we	will	use	e-combinations	to	make	[we]	sound.	Again,	you	have	to	use	a	horizontal	vowel	and	a	vertical	vowel	together	and	read	them	very	fast.	You	can	make	2	Hangul	letters	for	w-e	combinations	but	they	are	actually	pronounced	the	same	as	[we	:	wa	in	wait].	They	are	used	only	for	spelling	just	like	ㅐ	and	ㅔ.	Also,	ㅚ	has	the	same	sound
  to	ㅙ	and	ㅞ	Writing	W-vowel	combinations	can	be	a	bit	tricky	especially	when	it	has	a	final	consonant	in	a	syllable.	But	you	know	enough	how	to	write	Hangul	now	and	just	need	to	simply	follow	every	step	you’ve	learned	in	this	tutorial.	This	will	be	your	final	test.	Grab	your	pen	and	write	[won]	in	Hangul	on	your	notebook.	WRITE	RIGHT	NOW	If	you
  applied	everything	you’ve	learned	so	far,	your	answer	must	be	.	Congratulations,	now	you	are	ready	to	read	and	write	Korean	language.	Now	you	perfectly	know	how	Korean	alphabet	system	works.	Let’s	check	the	writing	order	for	the	last	time.	Components	Correct	ㅓ	/	ㅜ	/	ᄋ	/	ᄂ	➜	Always	a	consonant	comes	first	and	then	a	horizontal	vowel	and	a
  vertical	vowel	and	a	batchim.	Reading	and	writing	always	work	in	the	same	way.	You	have	to	remember	that	you	can’t	write	a	consonant	or	a	vowel	alone.	You	must	make	a	syllable	block.	Don’t	doubt	what	you	hear.	For	example,		is	supposed	to	be	pronounced	as	‘[makdda]’	but	almost	all	Koreans	pronounce	it	as	‘[maldda]’.	Many	Korean	words	often
  don’t	follow	the	pronunciation	rules	in	conversations.	Hangul	Pronunciation	Correct	Wrong		[malkda]	[makdda]	[malda]	You	don’t	have	to	be	perfect.	The	key	is	not	that	you	know	every	rule	perfectly.	The	key	is	how	natural	you	are.	Sometimes,	being	not	perfect	makes	you	sound	more	natural	and	more	native.	And	also	you	should	know	I	romanized
  them	to	help	you	understand	but	the	real	Korean	pronunciation	is	very	different.	If	you	keep	pronouncing	them	in	the	pronunciation	of	your	language,	Koreans	wouldn’t	understand	you	quickly.	Do	you	remember	I	said	reading	Korean	can	be	harder	than	writing	In	the	beginning?	I	want	to	talk	about	it	before	we	finish	the	tutorial.	Almost	every	time
  when	Koreans	teach	Hangul	to	students.	They	really	often	say	that	you	can	write	any	Korean	words	based	on	the	pronunciation	and	read	any	Korean	words	based	on	the	spelling,	so	it’s	really	easy	to	learn.	However,	it’s	not	completely	true	even	though	they	actually	believe	that	the	spelling	and	the	pronunciation	are	always	matched.	That	is	correct
  only	when	you	learn	how	to	write	your	name	(foreign	name,	I	mean)	in	Hangul,	which	is	the	step	that	every	beginner	learns.	But	the	problems	happen	when	you	start	to	learn	Korean	words	because	a	lot	of	Korean	words	are	spelled	differently	compared	to	the	its	pronunciation.	That	false	information	always	confuses	students	when	they	have	to	step
  forward	to	the	next	level	because	the	facts	always	confront	what	they’ve	learned.	I’ll	tell	you	right	now.	Korean	language	has	really	complicated	pronunciation	rules	and	it’s	a	bit	hard	to	master.	It	even	confuses	native	Koreans.	If	someone	tells	you	it’s	really	easy,	then	there	must	be	2	reasons.	they	know	it’s	really	hard	but	they	don’t	want	to
  demotivate	you.	2nd	is	that	they	really	don’t	fully	understand	what	they	teach.	Fortunately,	if	you	pronounce	each	Hangul	letter	perfectly,	those	rules	often	follow	automatically.	What	you	have	to	do	is	only	2	things.	1st,	remember	spelling	and	pronunciation	aren’t	always	matched.	1st,	take	your	time	to	learn	the	Korean	pronunciation.	It’ll	take	you
  only	a	couple	of	weeks.	It	can	be	challenging	but	It	will	give	you	much	better	insight	for	the	Korean	pronunciation.	Don’t	skip	this!	I’ll	tell	you	what	you	should	do	next!	Now	you	know	almost	everything	about	Hangul.	Congratulations	and	I’m	so	proud	of	you.	You	are	awesome.	Great	job.	Maybe	it’s	just	a	beginning,	maybe	it’s	a	single	step,	but	I	have
  to	tell	you	that	you	made	one	huge	step	for	speaking	Korean	very	fluently	soon.	Learning	something	new	is	always	challenging	for	everyone.	And	today,	you	succeed	at	the	challenge.	What	could	be	achieving	more	than	that?	And	Since	you	started	it,	you	can	achieve	everything,	everyday	and	move	forward	feeling	proud	of	yourself.	Now	I	want	to	give
  you	another	challenge	that	you	can	achieve.	It’s	about	batchim.	I	taught	you	very	briefly	about	it	in	this	tutorial	but	you	should	need	to	know	a	little	bit	more	because	it’s	a	very	essential	part	of	Hangul	and	Korean	language.	Once	you	learn	batchim,	you	won’t	be	confused	with	Hangul	ever	again.	Why	don’t	you	enjoy	your	success	for	today	and	start	to
  learn	batchim	tomorrow?	You	deserve	having	fun	because	you	have	been	awesome	today.	I’m	really	really	really	proud	of	you.	And	Jun	is	your	Korean	teacher’s	name	from	now	on.	So,	please	keep	that	in	your	mind.	See	you	very	soon	with	another	tutorial!
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